PSMA Imaging Agents

ABSTRACT

Compounds for targeting and agents for imaging, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are disclosed. Methods of synthesizing compounds and imaging agents, as well as methods for imaging PSMA are also disclosed. The imaging agents disclosed are suitable for PET and SPECT imaging.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to US application having Ser. No. 14/917,127 filed on Jun. 30, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/525,877, filed on Aug. 22, 2011; and to U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/563,987, filed on Nov. 28, 2011; the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to imaging; specifically, positron emission tomography (PET). More specifically, it relates to radiopharmaceuticals used in PET. More particularly, it relates to formulations for imaging, diagnosing and grading prostate cancer to find metastases and to monitor treatment.

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer is a relatively common type of cancer and the second leading cause of death in men. There are currently no reliable, non-invasive diagnostic tests available for prostate cancer and the only way to fully confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a biopsy. A PSA (prostate specific antigen) test is the only available tumor marker, but PSA blood levels can be elevated for a number of reasons and do not necessary correlate with prostate cancer. Also, there are rare types of aggressive prostate cancers that cannot be diagnosed with the PSA test. This test for screening therefore has limitations and is still controversial.

Further, prostate-related PET tracers known in the art; e.g., mAb PET tracers, are associated with low clearance (high blood activity) due to prolonged biologic half life of the antibody. This generally leads to low tumor-to-muscle ratios.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula I:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₂ is CH or N;     -   X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced         by at least one of CONH or aryl;     -   X₄ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, where at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₅ is optionally         replaced by aryl, NH, and

-   -   X₅ is selected from the group consisting of CONH, C(O),         (CH₂)₁₋₂—C(O) and (CH₂)₁₋₂—CONH;     -   X₆ is aryl or CH;     -   X₇ is CH or N;     -   X₈ is CH or N;     -   X₁₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, where at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₅ is         optionally replaced by aryl, NH, and

-   -   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂; and         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ where at least one CH₂ of         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl or         heteroaryl;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula Ia

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₈ is selected from the group consisting of aryl or CH₂;     -   X₁₉ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)_(n) and         CONH—(CH₂)_(p);     -   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂; and         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ where at least one CH₂ of         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl or         heteroaryl;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope,     -   wherein n is 1 or 3; and     -   wherein p is 1, 2 or 4.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula Ib:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced         by at least one of CONH or aryl;     -   X₇ is CH or N;     -   R₉ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of aryl, heteroaryl or CONH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula Ic:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₇ is CH or N;     -   X₂₀ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₅ and         CONH—(CH₂)₁₋₅;     -   R₉ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of aryl, heteroaryl or CONH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula II:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₂ is CH or N;     -   X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ where at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by         NH,     -   X₁₀ is CH or N;     -   X₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂), aryl, or         heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the aryl or heteroaryl is         optionally replaced by NO₂,     -   X₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of O, CONH and         (CH₂)₁₋₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by NH;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;     -   R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂;     -   R₅ is selected from the group consisting of H and —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈         where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is optionally replaced         by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH;     -   R₆ is selected from the group consisting of H and —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈         where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₉ is optionally replaced         by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH; and     -   R₈ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula IIa:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅;     -   X₁₀ is CH or N;     -   X₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of O and NH;     -   X₁₆ is (CH₂)₁₋₂;     -   X₁₇ is N or CH;     -   R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂;     -   R₈ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope; and     -   R₉ is H or NO₂.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula III:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₁ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced         by aryl;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;     -   R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by         at least one of CONH, aryl or heteroaryl; and     -   R₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula IV:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of: C(O) and         heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the heteroaryl is         substituted with NO₂;     -   X₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, NH, CH₂,         aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;     -   X₁₆ is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a         bond, aryl, heteroaryl, (CH₂)₁₋₂₅, wherein at least one CH₂ of         (CH₂)₁₋₁₂ is optionally replaced with heteroaryl, aryl, CONH,         and —O—; and     -   R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of H, NO₂, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula V:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₇ is selected from the group consisting of: N and CH;     -   X₁₈ is selected from the group consisting of: (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ wherein         at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by NH,         aryl, heteroaryl and wherein at least one H is optionally         substituted with NO₂; and     -   R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of O and S; and     -   R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula V:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₉ is selected from the group consisting of H, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is         optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl;     -   X₂₀ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is         optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl;     -   X₂₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₃ wherein at         least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₃ is optionally replaced by heteroaryl,     -   R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of O and S; and     -   R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows two scans using imaging agents according to embodiments of the present invention against scans using a third party tracer.

FIG. 2 shows two scans using imaging agents according to embodiments of the present invention against scans using a third party tracer.

FIG. 3 shows a comparison of scans of four tracers of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a scan using a tracer of the present invention and accompanying data.

FIG. 5 shows scans using a tracer of the present invention and accompanying data.

FIG. 6 shows scans using two tracers of the present invention and accompanying data.

FIG. 7 shows Negative Control data for a tracer of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows comparative data for five tracers according the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows a comparison of Kd and Ki of tracers of the present invention.

FIGS. 10-12 show a scan using a tracer of the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows a table of data of tracers of the present invention versus a third party tracer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description will describe the invention in relation to advantageous embodiments thereof. The invention is in no way limited to these advantageous embodiments as they are purely included to exemplify the invention and the invention is intended to include possible variations and modifications as would be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type 2 integral membrane glycoprotein found in prostate tissues and a few other tissues. Expression of PSMA increases proportional to tumor aggressiveness and there is a correlation between PSMA expression and severity of cancer. PSMA has shown to have glutamate carboxypeptidase II activity and catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of glutamates from peptides or small molecules. It has been determined that this enzymatic activity of PSMA can be exploited for the design of substrate-based inhibitors. Labeled with [F18], these in turn can be used as PET imaging agents to detect cells expressing PSMA. A PET scan with a PSMA tracer provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool to detect and grade the patient's prostate cancer and allow the physician to choose appropriate treatment methods.

Crystal structures of the active site have been published and show two zinc atoms coordinated by His and Glu/Asp residues, while Arg residues stabilize the C-terminal glutamate-containing substrate. In one embodiment of this invention, we provide substrate based inhibitors in which amide bonds may be replaced with non-hydrolyzable groups such as reverse amides, semi-carbazides, ureas, or heterocycles to name a few. In order to produce a PET ligand, [F18] may be introduced via “click chemistry,” which is particularly suitable for labeling of these highly polar and acidic precursors and will provide an advantage over conventional labeling methods as the click reaction is a one step, fast, and high yielding step.

In some embodiments, the present invention is a urea based PET tracer. Many of these are strong inhibitors (Ki=24 nM) of PSMA and contain a triazole side chain generated through a click reaction, which allows for a fast radiosynthesis of the [F18] tracer. Generally, the compounds of the present invention have better PK/clearance profiles than existing compounds.

For the purposes of this application, unless otherwise stated in the specification, the following terms have the terminology cited below:

Alkyl refers to both straight and branched carbon chains; references to individual alkyl groups are specific for the straight chain (e.g. butyl=n-butyl). In one embodiment of alkyl, the number of carbons atoms is 1-20, in another embodiment of alkyl, the number of carbon atoms is 1-8 carbon atoms and in yet another embodiment of alkyl, the number of carbon atoms is 1-4 carbon atoms. Other ranges of carbon numbers are also contemplated depending on the location of the alkyl moiety on the molecule.

Alkynyl or alkyne refers to both straight and branched carbon chains which have at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment of alkynyl, the number of triple bonds is 1-3; in another embodiment of alkynyl, the number of triple bonds is one. In one embodiment of alkynyl, the number of carbons atoms is 2-20, in another embodiment of alkynyl, the number of carbon atoms is 2-8 and in yet another embodiment of alkynyl, the number of carbon atoms is 2-4. Other ranges of carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon numbers are also contemplated depending on the location of the alkenyl moiety on the molecule;

Aryl refers to a C₆-C₁₀ aromatic ring structure. In one embodiment of aryl, the moiety is phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronapthyl, phenylcyclopropyl and indanyl; in another embodiment of aryl, the moiety is phenyl.

Alkoxy refers to —O-alkyl, wherein alkyl is as defined in (1);

Cyclo as a prefix (e.g. cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl) refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring structure having from three to eight carbon atoms in the ring the scope of which is intended to be separate and distinct from the definition of aryl above. In one embodiment of cyclo, the range of ring sizes is 4-7 carbon atoms; in another embodiment of cyclo the range of ring sizes is 3-4. Other ranges of carbon numbers are also contemplated depending on the location of the cyclo-moiety on the molecule;

Halogen means the atoms fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. The designation of “halo” (e.g. as illustrated in the term haloalkyl) refers to all degrees of substitutions from a single substitution to a perhalo substitution (e.g. as illustrated with methyl as chloromethyl (—CH₂Cl), dichloromethyl (—CHCl₂), trichloromethyl (—CCl₃));

Heterocycle, heterocyclic or heterocyclo refer to fully saturated or unsaturated, including aromatic (i.e. “hetaryl”) cyclic groups, for example, 4 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems, which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring. Each ring of the heterocyclic group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized. The heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system.

Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolane and tetrahydro-1,1-dioxothienyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, and the like.

Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzothienyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl, tetra-hydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuryl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, benzopyranyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl] or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroquinazolinyl (such as 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolinyl), tetrahydroquinolinyl and the like.

Exemplary tricyclic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, benzidolyl, phenanthrolinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, xanthenyl and the like.

The present invention may include derivatives of Formulas I-VIII, which may be precursors to the fluorinated compounds. Such a precursor may include triflate trifluoromathanesulfonate (TFA).

Suitable protecting groups include, but are not limited to, Carbobenzyloxy (Cbz), tert-Butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC), Benzoyl (Bz), Tosyl (Ts) and p-methoxybenzyl (PMB).

Unless otherwise noted, a compound represented as being substituted by an atom, such as the generic representation by the atom fluorine in fluoroalkyl, F-aryl or F—CH₂— for example, is intended to cover both the naturally occurring element ¹⁹F (fluorine-19) as well as the ¹⁸F (fluorine-18) isotope(s) of the element itself. Isotopes may be designated via any notation used in the art such as, by way of non-limiting example, fluorine-18, 18-F, ¹⁸F F-18, etc.

The term “optionally substituted” or “substituted” refers to the specific substituents or groups wherein one to four hydrogen atoms in the group may be replaced by one to four substituents, for example, independently selected from the substituents amino, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, —SH, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —C(O)NH₂, —C(S)NH₂, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, perhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂cycloalkyl, C₆₋₁₄aryl and heteroaryl, or as specifically disclosed herein. In addition, the substituents may also include alkyl, aryl, alkylene-aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, perhaloalkoxy, heterocyclyl, azido, amino, guanidino, amidino, halo, alkylthio, oxo, acylalkyl, carboxy esters, carboxyl, carboxamido, acyloxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoaryl, alkylaminoalkyl, alkoxyaryl, arylamino, phosphono, sulfonyl, carboxamidoaryl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl and perhaloalkyl. In addition, the term “optionally substituted” or “substituted” in reference to the variables R¹ through R¹⁸ and X, includes groups substituted by one to four substituents, as identified above, which further comprise a positron or gamma emitter. Such positron emitters include, but are not limited to, ¹¹C, ¹³N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁸F, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I and ⁷⁷Br.

The phrase “optionally replaced” means that at least one atom or element (e.g., carbon) in a chain may be replaced with another, different atom, element or functional group, such as O, NH, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl, etc.

The phrase “is replaced” means that at least one atom or element (e.g., carbon) in a chain is replaced with another, different atom, element or functional group, such as O, NH, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl, etc.

The term “radiolabeled compound” as used herein refers to compounds having an atom or group that may provide a radiolabel or may be converted to a radiolabel, such as from a non-radioactive atom to a radionuclide that is active, such as for example, ¹¹C, ¹³N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁸F, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I and ⁷⁷Br. In addition, for the purpose of the present application, such “radiolabeled compound” may also refer to an atom or a group that comprises a non-active nuclide, such as a halogen, such as ¹⁹F for example, wherein the compound may be used and administered in a therapeutically effective amount.

As used herein, the term “radiolabel,” “radioactive isotope” or “radioactive element” refers to isotopes exhibiting radioactive decay (i.e., emitting positrons) and radiolabeling agents comprising a radioactive isotope. Non-limiting examples may include [¹¹C]methane, [¹¹C]carbon monoxide, [¹¹C]carbon dioxide, [¹¹C]phosgene, [¹¹C]urea, [¹¹C]cyanogen bromide, as well as various acid chlorides, carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones containing carbon-11. Such isotopes or elements are also referred to in the art as radioisotopes or radionuclides. Radioactive isotopes are named herein using various commonly used combinations of the name or symbol of the element and its mass number (e.g., ¹⁸F, F-18, or fluorine-18). Exemplary radioactive isotopes include I-124, F-18 fluoride, C-11, N-13, and O-15, which have half-lives of 4.2 days, 110 minutes, 20 minutes, 10 minutes, and 2 minutes, respectively. The radioactive isotope is preferably dissolved in an organic solvent, such as a polar aprotic solvent. Preferably, the radioactive isotopes used in the present method include F-18, C-11, I-123, I-124, I-127, I-131, Br-76, Cu-64, Tc-99m, Y-90, Ga-67, Cr-51, Ir-192, Mo-99, Sm-153 and Tl-201. Preferably, the radioactive isotope used in the present method is F-18. Other radioactive isotopes that may be employed include: As-72, As-74, Br-75, Co-55, Cu-61, Cu-67, Ga-68, Ge-68, I-125, I-132, In-111, Mn-52, Pb-203 and Ru-97.

Compounds of the Formulas I-VIII may have optical centers and therefore may occur in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric configurations. The present invention includes all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomers of such compounds of Formulas I-VIII, as well as racemic compounds and racemic mixtures and other mixtures of stereoisomers thereof.

The compounds of the present application may be in the form of free bases or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” are salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. The nature of the salt may vary, provided that it is pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of compounds for use in the present methods may be prepared from an inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Non-limiting examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic (or alkyl), cycloalkyl, aromatic, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, non-limiting examples of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucuronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, mesylic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, pantothenic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic, algenic, hydroxybutyric, salicylic, galactaric and galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts of compounds of use in the present methods include, but are not limited to, metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from amino acids, benzathine, N, NT-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, diethylamine, diolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine-(N-methylglucamine), procaine and tromethamine. Ascorbic acid may also be used as an excipient. Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulphate and hemicalcium salts.

In another embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition for in vivo imaging of PSMA, comprising (a) a compound of any one of the above, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation. Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include, by way of non-limiting example, aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient, and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.

The compounds of the invention may be synthesized and/or radiolabeled using techniques known in the art.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be radiolabeled.

In another embodiment, the compounds are not comprised of a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula I:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₂ is CH or N;     -   X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced         by at least one of CONH or aryl;     -   X₄ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, NH, CH₂, and

-   -   X₅ is selected from the group consisting of CONH, C(O),         (CH₂)₁₋₂—C(O) and (CH₂)₁₋₂—CONH;     -   X₆ is aryl or CH;     -   X₇ is CH or N,     -   X₈ is CH or N,     -   X₄ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, NH, CH₂, and

-   -   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂; and         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ where at least one CH₂ of         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl or         heteroaryl;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₂ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₁ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₁ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₂ is COOH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₂ is H.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₂ is CH₂—COOH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula L X₆ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula L X₆ is C₆H₆.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₁ is N₃.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₁ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is replaced by at least one of aryl, heteroaryl or CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is replaced by C₆H₆.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is replaced by a triazole.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₅ is CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₅ is (CH₂)₁₋₂—CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₄ and X₁₃ are C₆H₆.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₄ and X₁₃ are (CH₂)₁₋₅.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₅ is C(O), X₁₃ is C₆H₆ and X₄ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, wherein one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₅ is replaced by NH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₅ is C(O), X₄ and X₁₃ are

wherein X₈ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₅ is C(O), X₁₃ is

X₈ is N and X₄ is (CH₂)₃—NH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is replaced by CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, X₃ is CH₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is replaced by aryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is replaced by CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₃ is a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of:

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula I, R₁ is:

In one embodiment, the present invention is a compound that is:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of radionuclide and halo.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula Ia:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₈ is selected from the group consisting of aryl or CH₂;     -   X₁₉ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)_(n) and         CONH—(CH₂)_(p);     -   R₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂; and         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ where at least one CH₂ of         (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl or         heteroaryl;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope,     -   wherein n is 1 or 3; and     -   wherein p is 1, 2 or 4.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, R₁ is N₃.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, X₁₈ is CH₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, X₁₈ is aryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, X₁₉ is (CH₂)_(n).

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, X₁₉ is CONH—(CH₂)_(p).

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, X₁ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ia, R₃ is a radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula Ib:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced         by at least one of CONH or aryl;     -   X₇ is CH or N;     -   R₉ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of aryl, heteroaryl or CONH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, X₇ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, X₇ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, X₃ is CH₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆, wherein one CH₂ is replaced by CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, X₃ is (CH₂)₂₋₆, wherein one CH₂ is replaced by aryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, R₃ is a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ib, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula Ic:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₇ is CH or N;     -   X₂₀ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₅ and         CONH—(CH₂)₁₋₅;     -   R₉ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is         optionally replaced by at least one of aryl, heteroaryl or CONH;         and     -   R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ic, X₇ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ic, X₇ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ic, X₂₀ is CH₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ic, X₂₀ is CONH—(CH₂)₄.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ic, R₃ is a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ic, R₉ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula II:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₂ is CH or N;     -   X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ where at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by         NH,     -   X₁₀ is CH or N;     -   X₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂), aryl, or         heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the aryl or heteroaryl is         optionally replaced by NO₂,     -   X₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of O, CONH and         (CH₂)₁₋₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by NH;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;     -   R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂;     -   R₅ is selected from the group consisting of H and —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈         where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is optionally replaced         by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH;     -   R₆ is selected from the group consisting of H and —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈         where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₉ is optionally replaced         by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH; and     -   R₈ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁ is N; X₂ is N; R₂ is COOH; and R₆ is H.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁₀ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁₀ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, R₄ is H, R₆ is H and R₅ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is replaced by heteroaryl and at least one CH₂ is replaced by CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, the at least one heteroaryl of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is a triazole.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, R₅ is H, R₆ is H and R₄ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is replaced by heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, at least one heteroaryl of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is a triazole.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁₂ is CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁₂ is O and X₁₁ is aryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁₂ is NH and X₁₁ is heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₁₁ is CH₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, wherein at least one CH₂ is replaced by NH and wherein X₁₁ is aryl or heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula II, R₈ is a radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula IIa:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅;     -   X₁₀ is CH or N;     -   X₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of O and NH;     -   X₁₆ is (CH₂)₁₋₂;     -   X₁₇ is N or CH;     -   R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH         or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is         optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂;     -   R₈ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope; and     -   R₉ is H or NO₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula Ha, R₉ is NO₂.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IIa, R₄ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is replaced by a heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IIa, the at least one heteroaryl of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is a triazole.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IIa, X₁₅ is O and X₁₇ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IIa, X₁₀ is N, X₁₅ is NH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IIa, R₈ is a halo or radionuclide.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IIa, X₉ is (CH₂)₄.

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula III:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced         by aryl;     -   R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH;     -   R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by         at least one of CONH, aryl or heteroaryl; and     -   R₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, X₁ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, X₁ is CH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, X₁₃ is (CH₂)₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is replaced by aryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, X₁₃ is (CH₂)₄.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, R₁₁ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is replaced by at least one of CONH, aryl or heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is replaced by C₆H₆.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is replaced by a triazole.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of:

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula III, R₁₂ is a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula IV:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of: C(O) and         heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the heteroaryl is         substituted with NO₂;     -   X₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, NH, CH₂,         aryl, heteroaryl;     -   X₁₆ is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a         bond, aryl, heteroaryl, (CH₂)₁₋₂₅, wherein at least one CH₂ of         (CH₂)₁₋₂₅ is optionally replaced with heteroaryl, CONH, and —O—;         and     -   R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of H, NO₂, N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, X₁ is NH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, X₁₄ is

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, X₁₅ is C₆H₆.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, X₁₆ is

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, X₁₅ is a bond.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, R₁₃ is a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, the present invention is the following compound:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of radionuclide and halo.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula IV, X₁₄ is C(O) and X₁₅ is a sugar.

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula V:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₇ is selected from the group consisting of: N and CH;     -   X₁₈ is selected from the group consisting of: (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ wherein         at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by NH,         aryl, heteroaryl and wherein at least one H is optionally         substituted with NO₂;     -   R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of O and S; and     -   R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula VI:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₁₉ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is         optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl;     -   X₂₀ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is         optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl;     -   X₂₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₃ wherein at         least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₃ is optionally replaced by heteroaryl,     -   R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of O and S; and     -   R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula VI, X₁ is N.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula VI, X₁₉ is H and X₂₀ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is replaced by CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula VI, X₂₀ is H and X₁₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is replaced by CONH.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula VI, at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ is replaced by triazole.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula VI, R₁₆ is a radioisotope.

In one embodiment, the invention is a compound of Formula VII:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₂ is CH or N,     -   X₂₂ is a protecting group; and     -   X₂₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—NH₂ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is         optionally replaced by at least one selected from the group         consisting of S, O, NH, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and         heterocycloalkyl.

In one embodiment, in the compound of Formula VI, X₂₂ is t-butyl.

In one embodiment, the invention is a method of forming a compound comprising:

reacting a compound of Formula VII with

form a first intermediate product;

coupling the first intermediate product with another compound of Formula VII to form a second intermediate product; and

removing the protecting groups.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound of Formula VIII:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof,

wherein:

-   -   X₁ is CH or N;     -   X₂₄ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at         least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is optionally replaced by at least one         selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S;     -   X₂₅ is N or CH;     -   X₂₆ is NH or CH₂;     -   X₂₇ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂,         (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is         optionally replaced by O, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; and     -   R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne,         protecting group, halo and radioisotope.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of detecting comprising: administering a compound of any of Formulas I-VI and VIII to a mammal and scanning the mammal. The scanning may be performed after a predetermined time, using a PET or SPECT scanner.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of imaging PSMA comprising: administering a compound or a pharmaceutical composition of any of Formulas I-VI and VIII to a mammal and scanning the mammal. The scanning may be performed after a predetermined time, using a PET or SPECT scanner. The compound or composition may comprise a radiolabel.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a precursor to a hot or cold molecule, for example, a precursor to a radiotracer. The precursor preferably comprises an azide or an alkyne. More particularly, the azide or alkyne may be in the following positions: R₁, R₃, R₄, R₈, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₅ and R₁₆. In one embodiment, any of R₁, R₃, R₄, R₈, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₅ and R₁₆ comprises an azide. It is noted that precursors may also comprise leaving and/or protecting groups. Some examples of precursors are below.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of synthesizing a tracer compound of Formulas I-VIII comprising: Reacting a compound of any of Formulas I-VIII, wherein in any of Formulas I-VIII, at least one H of R₁, R₃, R₄, R₈, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₅ and R₁₆ is replaced by either a first alkyne or a first azide with a second azide or second alkyne having a radioisotope or halo. In the example below, R₁₇ comprises an alkyne or an azide, preferably, an alkyne if any of R₁, R₃, R₄, R₈, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₅ and R₁₆ comprises an azide.

wherein R₁₆ is an azide if Formulas I-VIII comprises an alkyne or R₁₆ is an alkyne if Formulas I-VIII comprises an azide.

Table 1 shows compounds and their properties:

TABLE 1 PSMA PSMA PSMA Exact Blkg % Blkg % Ki ID Structure MW Mass CLogP (10 μM) (1.0 μM) (nM) P001

402.39 402.1 0.32  97% 50 P002

442.4 442.2 −0.23  92% 15.6 P003

458.9 458.1 0.34  99% NA P004

442.4 442.2 −0.23  90% 15.6 P005

488.5 488.2 −1.46  89% 40.7 P006

434.4 434.1 2.70  0% P007

522.5 522.2 0.80  0% P008

511.5 511.2 1.52  21% P009

226.1 226 −1.51 100% 6.6 P010

352.3 352.1 −0.07  0% P011

381.3 381.1 −0.22  0% P012

526.5 526.2 0.18  0% P013

385.4 385.1 3.17  16% P014

461.4 461.2 0.21  0% P015

396.4 396.1 −0.04  0% P016

461.4 461.2 0.28  12% P017

399.4 399.1 2.92  0% P018

467.4 467.2 1.31  99% 15.6 P019

467.4 467.2 1.31  97% 37.5 P020

431.4 431.2 −1.72  0% P021

397.3 397.1 −0.11  0% P022

248.2 248.1 −1.23  77% P023

373.1 373.1 −0.36  24% P024

276.2 276.1 −0.66  6% P025

262.2 262.1 −0.92  92% P026

262.2 262.1 −1.22  2% P027

249.2 249.1 −1.17  31% P028

384.4 384.1 0.91  24% P029

275.3 275.1 −0.52  12% P030

261.2 261.1 −1.09  2% P031

329.3 329.1 −1.18  19% P032

599.5 502.2 −0.99  50% TFA P033

453.4 453.2 −0.08  89% 0.78 P034

513.4 416.4 −0.43  70% TFA P035

578.5 481.2 1.83  0% TFA P036

645.6 548.2 −0.49  68% TFA P037

258.1 258 −0.41  12% P038

324.3 324.1 1.34  2% P039

419.4 419.1 −0.61  77% P040

417.4 417.1 −1.36  42% P041

319.3 319.1 −4.62  0% P042

434.4 434.1 −1.90  0% P043

553.5 553.2 −2.11  77% P044

567.5 567.2 −1.85  62% P045

516.5 516.2 −1.00  95% 10.9 P046

530.6 530.3 −0.75  80% 328 P047

418.4 418.2 −2.33  0% P048

461.5 461.2 −1.89  0% P049

433.5 433.2 −2.67  0% P050

415.4 415.2 −2.00  0% P051

375.4 375.1 −3.68  4% P052

400.5 400.1 1.13  2% P053

564.6 564.2 1.20  94% 31.3 P054

550.5 550.2 0.94 100% 1.6 P055

521.5 521.2 0.60  94% 344 P056

339.3 339.1 0.22  0% P057

532.5 532.2 0.55  32% P058

464.4 464.2 1.00 100% P059

478.4 478.2 1.25  99% 12.5 P060

320.2 320.1 −1.81  96% P061

205.2 205.1 −2.41  0% P062

464.3 464.2 1.02  97% P063

478.4 478.2 1.28  30% P064

618.6 618.4 0.49  46% P065

550.5 550.2 −0.04  96% 19.7 P065

550.5 550.2 −0.04  92% 9.1 P066

448.4 448.2 0.66  12% P067

578.6 578.2 0.48  52% P068

592.6 592.3 0.73  27% P069

469.4 469.2 1.06  94% 250 P070

469.5 469.2 1.10  94% 59 P071

485.5 485.2 1.06  96% 31 P072

507.5 507.2 0.11  39% P073

512.5 512.2 −0.23  2% P074

556.5 556.2 −1.69  10% P075

288.3 288.1 −0.55  32% P076

598.6 598.2 −1.65  14% P077

549.5 549.2 1.64  28% P078

549.5 549.2 1.65  94% >312 P079

577.6 577.2 3.70  96% 313 P080

518.6 518.4 −0.41  90% 625 P081

514.5 514.2 −1.25  25% P082

307.3 307.1 −1.35  4% P083

467.5 467.2 0.52 100% P084

522.5 522.2 0.11  19% P085

536.5 536.2 1.01  0% P086

460.4 460.2 1.49  25% P087

288.3 288 0.26  3% P088

550.5 550.2 1.06  83% >407 P089

611.5 611.1 0.73  88% >407 para:ortho = 3:1 P090

493.5 493.2 1.05  85% 313 P091

536.5 536.2 −1.48  23% P092

566.5 566.2 0.95  99% 31 P093

431.4 431.2 −1.14  16% P094

660.7 660.3 0.54  7% P095

348.3 348.1 0.95  4% P096

517.5 517.2 0.67  3% P097

362.3 362.1 −2.46 fluorescence interference P098

348.3 348.1 −2.01  23% P099

356.3 356.1 −1.75  0% P100

548.5 548.2 0.80  3% P101

621.6 621.2 3.87  0% P102

559.5 559.2 1.68  0% P103

606.6 606.3 1.24  91% 235 P104

713.7 713.3 4.32  7% P105

789.8 789.3  5% P106

561.5 561.2 1.47  67% P107

628.6 628.2 2.40  19% P108

576.6 576.2 2.31  11% P109

373.3 373.1 0.03  24% P110

578.6 578.2 0.07  8% P111

507.5 507.2 1.30  9% P112

563.6 563.3 0.25  4% P113

566.5 566.2 1.41  11% P114

686.7 686.3 0.82  8% P115

535.5 535.2 0.51  36% P116

481.5 481.2 0.19  31% P117

609.6 609.3 0.23  18% P118

622.6 622.2 2.44  13% P119

465.5 465.2 −0.89  26% P120

566.5 566.2 0.34  15% P121

372.3 372.1 −0.89  7% P122

438.4 438.2 0.28  18% P123

453.4 453.1 0.11  17% P124

420.4 420.1 −0.68  10% P125

349.2 349.1 −0.66  2% P126

258.2 258.1 −2.52  12% P127

377.3 377.1 −2.24  10% P128

572.5 572.1 0.30  12% P129

520.5 520.2 0.21  10% P130

705.8 705.3 2.56  10% P131

423.4 423.2 −0.35  6% P132

396.4 396.2 0.82  17% P133

456.4 456.2 0.03  95% 125 P134

381.4 381.2 −0.32  37% P135

411.4 411.1 −0.19  42% P136

477.5 477.2 −0.06  91% P136

477.5 477.2 −0.06  40% P137

473.4 473.2 0.02  3% P138

593.7 593.2 2.68  6% P139

455.4 455.2 −0.24  16% P140

469.4 469.2 1.06  64% P141

536.5 536.2 0.53  1% P142

474.4 474.2 −1.48  5% P143

483.5 483.2 0.00  15% P144

479.5 479.2 0.67  7% P145

509.5 509.2 1.24  7% P146

582.6 582.2 0.95  45% P147

608.6 608.3 2.79  69% P148

504.5 504.2 −1.23  87% 250 P149

427.4 427.2 0.60  0% P150

555.6 555.2 1.16  9% P151

778.7 778.3 2.17  17% P152

566.5 566.2 0.95  93% 128 P153

574.6 574.2 −0.17  63% P154

384.4 384.1 1.05  50% P155

441.4 441.2 0.65  97% 3.1 P156

455.4 455.2 0.90  87% 219 P157

528.5 528.2 0.33  79% >313 P158

526.5 526.2 0.58  99% 34.4 P159

507.5 507.2 0.69  39% P160

499.5 499.2 1.01  88% 219 P161

485.5 485.2 0.76  96% P162

457.4 457.2 0.66  79% >531 P163

398.3 398.1 0.39  0% P164

577.5 577.2 0.35  80% >407 P165

245.2 245.1 −2.50  11% P166

504.5 5.4.2 −1.23  87% >375 P167

501.5 501.2 0.77  93% >657 P168

463.4 463.2 0.59  98% P169

457.4 457.2 0.66  79% 156 P170

535.5 535.2 1.55  58% P171

576.5 576.2 1.33  87% P172

668.6 668.2 −0.41  95% 313 P173

445.4 445.2 −1.42  31% P174

499.4 499.2 0.01  1% P175

466.5 466.2 −0.27  18% P176

512.5 512.2 −0.14  77% P177

487.5 487.2 −0.07  38% P178

360.3 360.1 0.76  1% P179

376.3 376.1 0.51  4% P180

376.3 376.1 0.51  5% P181

413.4 413.1 1.74  39% P182

458.4 458.1 −0.21  92% P183

351.3 351.1 0.68  36% P184

441.5 441.2 −2.11  10% P185

761.7 761.2 1.22  99% P186

528.5 528.2 0.33  85% P187

508.5 508.2 0.90  77% P188

431.4 431.2 −0.49  99% 6.6 P189

295.2 295.1 −1.50  81% >688 P190

253.1 253 −2.10  95% 188 P191

564.6 564.2 0.22  78% P192

520.49 520.19 0.22  29% P193

513.5 513.2 −3.67  0% P194

767.8 767.3 1.03  96% 69 P195

509.5 509.2 1.55  96% 66 P196

385.2 271.1 −1.72  27% P197

329.3 329.1 −0.88  22% >3000 P198

372.3 372.1 −3.22  14% P199

484.5 484.2 1.82  82%  >188 nM P200

581.6 581.2 1.03  95%  <0.3 nM P201

409.4 409.2 −1.33  83% >300 P202

509.5 509.2 0.07  97% 94 P203

597.6 597.2 0.31  97% 41 P204

368.3 368.1 −0.69  98% 6.9 P205

427.4 427.1 −1.73  79% P206

568.5 568.2 1.55  81% P207

582.6 582.2 −1.22  96% 18.8 P208

481.5 481.2 0.19  75% P209

509.5 509.2 0.39  44% P210

398.3 398.1 −0.31  16% P211

426.4 426.1 3.31  43% P212

599.6 599.2 1.95  99% 3.1 P213

385.3 385.1 −1.20  33% P214

409.4 409.2 0.22  34% P215

584.6 584.2 1.64  99% 2.2 P216

654.6 654.2 −0.81  98% 21.9 P217

522.5 522.2 −0.48  96% 31.3 P218

605.6 605.2 3.08  98% 0.6 P219

535.5 535.2 0.51  74% P220

521.5 521.2 0.13  34% P221

493.4 493.2 −0.03  15% P222

599.6 599.2 2.06  98% 0.56 P223

732.7 732.2 −0.28  98% 1.1 P224

524.5 524.2 2.03  65% P225

596.6 596.2 −2.23  7% P226

596.6 596.2 −2.38  32% P227

568.5 568.2 −2.09  15% P228

431.4 431.2 −1.72  24% P229

508.5 508.2 1.42  25% P230

618.7 618.3 0.98  95% 13 P231

600.6 600.3 2.79  63% P232

496.5 46.1 2.73  96% P233

523.5 523.1 2.34  96% P234

534.6 534.1 3.85  86% P235

522.5 522.1 2.61 100% <0.3 P236

513.9 513.1 1.95  99% P237

634.6 634.3 1.03 100% 3.8 P238

963.9 963.3 100% <0.3 P239

467.4 467.2 −0.08  33% P240

639.7 639.3 3.97  94% 28 P241

475.4 475.2 1.35  94% 0.38 P242

583.5 583.2 1.05  99% 0.07 P243

502.5 502.2 −2.08  5% P244

662.7 662.2 2.01  98% 0.38 P245

564.5 564.2 —0.13  62% 156 P246

895.8 895.3 100% 0.16 P247

579.5 579.2 0.45 100% 0.63 P248

696.7 696.3 0.90 100% 3.4 P249

662.7 662.4 0.53 9.4 P250

607.6 607.2 1.51  96% 4.1 P251

699.7 699.3 1.59 100% 0.34 P252

923.8 923.3  59% 94 P253

628.6 628.2 1.53  96% 0.2 P254

909.9 909.4  95% 0.4 P255

564.6 564.2 0.27  62% P256

536.5 536.2 −0.17  27% P257

558.6 558.2 −0.45  5% P258

709.7 709.3 41 P259

594.6 594.2 0.83  98% P260

649.7 649.3 0.64  81% P261

918.9 918.4  98% 1.0 P262

706.7 706.3 0.36  96% P263

1120.1 1119.5  98% 1.3 P264

761.8 761.4  96% P265

459.4 459.1 0.92  97% P266

1080 1079.4  98% 0.3 P267

929.9 929.3  82% P268

723.7 723.3 −1.00  68% P269

459.4 459.1 0.47  66% P270

1464.4 1463.6  71%   0.2 nM P271

611.6 611.3 0.89  98% 0.8 P272

947.9 947.4  97% 2.5 P273

1194.1 1193.5  97% 0.2 P274

1245.2 1244.5 13.1 P275

1188.1 1187.4 6.6 P276

918.9 918.4 1.3 P277

1095.99 1095.4 0.4 P278

980.95 980.4 0.2 P279

464.4 464.1 0.35 1.6 P280

1076.4 1076.1 0.9 P281

1232.6 1232.2 1.3 P282

1008.4 1008.1 1.1 P283

982.9 952.4  98% 0.9 P284

620.2 620.1 0.58  96% P285

1464.4 1463.6 0.5 P286

1041.99 1041.3  92% 12.5 P287

1382.4 1381.6  95% 1 P288

1041 1040.4  85% 9.7 P289

691.7 691.3  0% P290

807.8 807.4  0% P291

1421.5 1421.3  95% 5 P292

1060.5 1060.3  96% 0.7 P293

869.7 869.3 45 90% P294

1109.1 1108.4 99 P295

453.4 453.2 1.05 45 P296

925.9 925.3  72% P297

895.8 895.3  31% P298

869.7 869.3  88%

It will be understood that the halogens may be replaced by radiolabeled atoms such as 11C and 18F. Radioactive atoms may also be used with those compounds that do not show a halogen or radioactive atom. It will also be understood that these compounds may be precursors. As such, they may comprise an alkyne or azide or protecting group.

Examples

A general reaction scheme for forming monomeric compounds of the present invention is shown below. Other synthesis methods may be used.

A general reaction scheme for forming compounds of the present invention is shown below. Other synthesis methods may be used.

Experimental Data

a. Chemical Synthesis

i. General Reaction Procedures:

1. General Procedure for the Formation of Amide:

A mixture of 1 (1.0 equv.), various acid (1.0 equv.), EDC HCl (1.0 equiv.), and HOBt (1.0 equiv.) in DMF (4.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silical gel, 20-80% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product.

2. General Procedure for the Removal of Tert-Butyl Group from Esters:

A mixture of compound 2 in TFA/DCM/TIPS (1:1:0.01) was stirred at room temperature for 1-2 hrs, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by either HPLC.

3. General Procedure for the N-Alkylation:

A mixture of amine (1.0 equiv.), bromide (1.1 equiv.), and triethylamine (3.0 equiv.) in DMF (8.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 days, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 5-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product.

4. General Procedure for “Click Chemistry”:

To a solution of 2 (1.0 equiv.), 5-fluoropent-1-yne (1.0 equiv.), and aqueous CuSO₄ solution (0.1 M, 1.0 equiv.) in THF (2.0 mL) was added sodium ascorbate (2.1 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was either purified by HPLC or used directly in the next step without any further purification.

5. General Procedure for Removal of Benzyl Group:

A mixture of a benzylated compound and Pd/C (10%, catalytic amount) in MeOH (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm) for 2-4 hrs. The mixture was then filtered through a short Celite pad, washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was either purified by HPLC or used directly in the next step without any further purification.

6. General Procedure for Urea Formation:

(9S, 13S)-Tri-tert-butyl-10-methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate

To a cooled (−78° C.) stirring solution of(S)-glutamic acid di-tert-butyl ester HCl salt (1 mmol, 1 eq) and triphosgene (0.5 mmol, 0.5 eq) in dry DCM (5 ml), Et₃N (1.4 mL, 10 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h then at 0° C. for 1 h. A solution of CBZ-lysine-N-methyl tert-butyl ester (1 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (3 ml) was added to the above isocyanete solution and continued the stirring 0° C. to RT for 16 h. The volatiles were removed and the residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silical gel, 20-80% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product.

7. General Click Labeling for Dimers (e.g., Compound 297):

Preparation of Dimer Precursor (e.g., P238)

Synthesized Compounds (S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-(6-fluoronicotinamido)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for amide formation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 20-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (11 mg, 48%). MS: m/z=611 (M+H+).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-fluoronicotinamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid (P002)

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 11 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P002 (5 mg, 63%) was obtained. MS: m/z=443 (M+H₊).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-(6-chloronicotinamido)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for amide formation was followed. Reaction was performed on an 18 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 20-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (11 mg, 48%). MS: m/z=627 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-chloronicotinamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid (P003)

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 11 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P003 (3.9 mg, 49%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.67-8.70 (m 1H), 8.07-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.44 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=459 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-(2-fluoroisonicotinamido)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for amide formation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 17 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 20-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (21 mg, 100%). MS: m/z=611 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-fluoroisonicotinamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid (P004)

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 11 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P004 (3.9 mg, 49%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.21-8.24 (m 1H), 7.53-7.56 (m, !H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.30 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.44 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=443 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(2-azidoacetamido)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for amide formation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 126 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 0-20% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (98 mg, 67%). MS: m/z=571 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(2-Azidoacetamido)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid (P005 Precursor)

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 68 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P005 Precursor (45 mg, 95%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.21-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.21 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.34-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.69 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=403 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid (P005)

General experimental procedure for click chemistry of(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(2-Azidoacetamido)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)-pentanedioic acid and 5-fluoropent-1-yne was followed. Reaction was performed on a 4 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P005 (3 mg, 60%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.56 (dt, J=47.6, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.36-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.96-2.18 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.68 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=489 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dimethyl 5-(3-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)isophthalate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 500 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (564 mg, 55%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 8.27 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (br s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.48-5.56 (m, 1H), 4.69-4.85 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 6H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.02 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H). MS: m/z=431 (M+H⁺).

(S)-5-(3-(1-Carboxy-2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)isophthalic acid (P006)

A mixture of (S)-Dimethyl 5-(3-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)isophthalate (33 mg, 0.08 mmol), 1-bromo-2-fluoroethane (excess), and Cs₂CO₃ (33 mg, 0.1 mmol) in acetone (10 m) was heated at 75° C. for 4 hrs, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. It was mixed with THF/H₂O (10.0/1.0 mL) containing LiOH (3 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was acidified with HCl, and then purified by HPLC to give the desired product (4.5 mg, 13%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.15 (s, 3H), 8.07 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.65 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.49-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.99 (m, 1H), 3.01-3.09 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=435 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dimethyl 5-(3-(6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)isophthalate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 500 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (150 mg, 11%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 8.10-8.25 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.22-7.38 (m 5H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.41 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 6H), 3.12-3.28 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.92 (m, 6H), 1.42 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=572 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dimethyl 5-(3-(6-(2-azidoacetamido)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)isophthalate

A mixture of (S)-Dimethyl 5-(3-(6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-amino)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)isophthalate (200 mg, 0.35 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, catalytic amount) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred under H₂ (1.0 atm) for 4 hrs. The resulting mixture was passed through a short Celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. It was then coupled with 2-azidoacetic acid using the general experimental procedure for the formation of amide. The crude product was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-5% MeOH/DCM) to give the desired product (96 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 2H), 7.31 (brs, 1H), 6.48-6.55 (br s, 1H), 4.37-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 6H), 3.28-3.34 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.89 (m, 6H), 1.46 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=521 (M+H⁺).

(S)-5-(3-(1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)-ureido)isophthalic acid (P007)

General experimental procedure for click chemistry of (S)-Dimethyl 5-(3-(6-(2-azidoacetamido)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)isophthalate and 5-fluoropent-1-yne was followed. Reaction was performed on 20 mg scale. The crude product from click chemistry was hydrolyzed first under TFA/DCM/TIPS condition, and then under basic condition. After HPLC purification, P007 (8 mg, 40%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.50 (t, J=60 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.42 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.80 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.49-2.11 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=523 (M+H⁺).

(S)-tert-Butyl 6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-((2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)amino)hexanoate

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 500 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 10-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (482 mg, 80%). %). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.25-7.32 (m, 5H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.85 (br s, 1H), 3.31 (s, 2H), 3.16-3.22 (m, 3H), 1.59-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.58 (m, 22H). MS: m/z=451 (M+H⁺).

Benzyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)hydrazinecarboxylate

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 1000 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (920 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.31-7.42 (m, 5H), 6.79 (brs, 1H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=281 (M+H⁺).

Di-tert-butyl 2,2′-(2-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)hydrazine-1,1-diyl)diacetate

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 1.13 g scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 0-15% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (1.05 g, 66%). %). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.42 (m, 5H), 3.67 (s, 4H), 1.43 (s, 18H). MS: m/z=395 (M+H⁺).

Benzyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(3-(tert-butoxy)-3-oxopropyl)-hydrazinecarboxylate

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 250 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-30% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (270 mg, 78%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.25-7.42 (m, 5H), 6.95 (br s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.35-2.52 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=409 (M+H⁺).

(S)-tert-Butyl 6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-((2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino)hexanoate

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 1000 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (929 mg, 82%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.25-7.39 (m, 5H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.87 (br s, 1H), 4.18 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.25 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.72 (m, 15H), 1.27 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=423 (M+H⁺).

Di-tert-butyl 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,1-diyl)diacetate

A solution of di-tert-butyl 2,2′-(2-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)hydrazine-1,1-diyl)diacetate (1.05 g, 2.7 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, catalytic amount) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm) for 2 hrs. It was filtered through a short Celite pad, washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=261 (M+H⁺).

tert-Butyl 3-(1-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)hydrazinyl)propanoate

A solution of benzyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(3-(tert-butoxy)-3-oxopropyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (0.27 g, 0.67 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, catalytic amount) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm) for 2 hrs. It was filtered through a short Celite pad, washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=275 (M+H⁺).

(S)-3-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To a solution of (S)-3-amino-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid (1.0 g, 5.3 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (1.33 g, 15.8 mmol) in dioxane/H2O (1:1, 20 mL) was added a solution of benzyl chlooroformate (0.9 g, 5.3 mmol) during 2 hrs. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with EtOAc (20 mL). The layers were separated. The aq. layer was washed with EtOAc (2×20 mL), and then it was acidified with 6N HCl to pH 2. It was then extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. It was used directly in the next step without any further purification.

(9S,13S)-tri-tert-Butyl 10-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 475 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (373 mg, 47%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.27-7.38 (m, 5H), 5.84 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 5.04 (br s, 1H), 4.64 (br s, 1H), 4.32 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.19-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.72 (m, 40H). MS: m/z=736 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-10-(Carboxymethyl)-3,1-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P008

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 65 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P008 (4 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.14-7.28 (m, 5H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 4.50-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.21 (dd, J=9.2, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (d, J=18 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (d, J=18 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.01-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.19-1.52 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=512 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-(Carboxymethyl)-3-phenethylureido)pentanedioic acid: P010

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale of tert-butyl 2-(phenethylamino)acetate. Isolated 14.1 mg (9.4%) of P010 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.23-7.29 (m, 4H), 7.15-7.22 (1H, m), 4.29 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (d, J=18.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (d, J=18.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46-3.59 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1H); MS: m/z=353 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(1-(Carboxymethyl)-2-(2-phenylacetyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)pentanedioic acid: P011

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 120 mg scale of tert-butyl 2-(2-(2-phenylacetyl)hydrazinyl)acetate. Isolated 10.0 mg (5.8%) of P011 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.23-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.22 (m, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J=9.2, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 2.32 (bt, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 1H); MS: m/z=382 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-9-tert-Butyl 13,15-dimethyl 10-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 280 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (367 mg, 54%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.20-7.31 (m, 5H), 5.93 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (br s, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, J=13.6, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.01 (d, J=18.0 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.74-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.22 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=624 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-6-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-1-(hydroxyamino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-(carboxymethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P012

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 367 mg scale. The free acid was then coupled with hydroxylamine, followed by hydrolysis with aqueous NaOH solution. After acidify with HCl, the crude product was purified by HPLC, P012 (8 mg, 28%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.21-7.38 (m, 5H), 5.05 (br s, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.62-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.42 (d, J=18 Hz, 1H), 4.11-4.23 (m, 3H), 3.59-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.08-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.67 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=527 (M+H⁺).

Di-tert-butyl 2,2′-(2-((3-(benzylthio)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)hydrazine-1,1-diyl)diacetate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 352 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (422 mg, 47%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.19-7.35 (m, 5H), 6.60 (br s, 1H), 4.65-4.71 (m, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.66 (m, 4H), 2.74-2.93 (m 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=512 (M+H⁺).

2,2′-(2-((2-(Benzylthio)-1-carboxyethyl)carbamoyl)hydrazine-1,1-diyl)diacetic acid: P013

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 211 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P013 (8 mg, 28%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.18-7.35 (m, 5H), 4.52 (dd, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 6H), 2.79-2.96 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=386 (M+H⁺).

Methyl 3-(benzylthio)-2-(2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(3-(tert-butoxy)-3-oxopropyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)propanoate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 175 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (260 mg, 74%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.16-7.32 (m, 5H), 4.61-4.67 (m, 1H), 3.93 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (br s, 5H), 3.51-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.88 (dd, J=13.6, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (dd, J=13.6, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=526 (M+H⁺).

3-(Benzylthio)-2-(2-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-(carboxymethyl)-hydrazinecarboxamido)propanoic acid: P017

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 260 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P017 (5 mg, 3%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.17-7.34 (m, 5H), 4.43-4.49 (m, 1H), 4.03-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.76 (m, 4H), 2.60-2.92 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=400 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 500 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 20-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (190 mg, 23%). MS: m/z=653 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 1.09 g scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 10-60% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (1.5 g, 79%). MS: m/z=565 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-2-amino-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

A solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate (0.19 g, 0.285 mmol) in 20% solution of piperidine in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 10-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (0.078 g, 64%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.64 (q, J=8.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dd, J=16.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (dd, J=16.8, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=431 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-3-amino-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

A solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-((R)-3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate (0.16 g, 0.285 mmol) in 20% solution of piperidine in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=431 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-2-(2-azidoacetamido)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 78 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 30-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (94 mg, 100%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.71-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 2.88 (dd, J=17.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (dd, J=17.2, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.14-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=514 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-3-(2-azidoacetamido)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 123 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 30-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (114 mg, 78%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.43 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65-4.73 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 2.90 (dd, J=16.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (dd, J=16.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.16-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=514 (M+H⁺).

(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-3-(4-azidobutanamido)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 123 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (210 mg, 95%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.43 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.55 (m, 1H), 2.90 (dd, J=16.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (dd, J=16.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.16-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.04-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=542 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxo-2-(2-(4-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)butanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 60 mg scale. The crude product was examined with LC-MS, which shows a single peak with desired product mass. MS: m/z=630 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-3-(2-(4-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P014

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 74 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P014 (28 mg, 52%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.75 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 4.79-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.49 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.42 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.16-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.91-2.03 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=462 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-carboxypropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P015

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 17 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P015 (10 mg, 84%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 5H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.53 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.45 (m, 1H), 2.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=397 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxo-3-(2-(4-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)butanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6 mg scale. The crude product was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20-60% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.65-4.73 (m, 1H), 3.97-4.45 (m, 1H), 2.86 (dd, J=16.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (dd, J=16.0, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=630 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-3-(2-(4-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P016

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 7 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P016 (3 mg, 51%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.67-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.38 (m, 1H), 2.79 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.03-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=462 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butanamido)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 12 mg scale. The crude product was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 20-60% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (9.4 mg, 64%). MS: m/z=600 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-Tri-tert-butyl 10-methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 169 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (53 mg, 15%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.25-7.35 (m 5H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.8-4.91 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.38 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.19-2.42 (m, 4H), 1.44-2.12 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=636 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-10-Methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P018

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 164 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P018 (7.1 mg, 6%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.21-7.31 (m, 5H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.68-4.76 (m, 1H), 4.22-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.09 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.86-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=468 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-Tri-tert-butyl 12-methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 228 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (205 mg, 38%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.22-7.38 (m 5H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.28-4.42 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.19-2.42 (m, 4H), 1.44-2.12 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=636 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-12-Methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P019

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 164 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P019 (7.1 mg, 6%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.19-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 4.72-4.85 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.03 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.12-2.25 (m, 3H), 1.62-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.28-1.51 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=468 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-3-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 120 mg scale. The crude product was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 30-80% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (9.3 mg, 6%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.51 (s, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.61-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.55 (m, 3H), 2.82-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.43 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=600 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-3-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P020

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 6 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P020 (1.2 mg, 27%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.58-4.68 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.46 (m, 3H), 2.78-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.91-2.32 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=432 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1-(carboxymethyl)hydrazinecarboxamido) pentanedioic acid: P021

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 117 mg scale of benzyl 2-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxoethyl)hydrazinecarboxylate. Isolated 23.5 mg (14.2%) of P021 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.40 (m, 5H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.31 (dd, J=9.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 2H), 2.36 (bt, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.14-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1H); MS: m/z=398 (M+H⁺).

(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 97 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (125 mg, 90%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 4.29-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.94 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=417 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-(Carboxymethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P022

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 9.3 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P022 (5.0 mg, 90%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.20-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.86 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=249 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-(4-Azidobutanamido)-3-carboxypropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P023

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 5.5 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P023 (3.0 mg, 79%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.65 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.26 (t, J=6.8 Hz 2H), 2.72 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.35 (m, 4H), 2.02-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.89 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=374 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1,5-Di-tert-butoxy-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl)-1-methylureido)propanoic acid

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 160 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 30-100% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (149 mg, 69%). MS: m/z=389 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-carboxyethyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P024

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 149 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P024 (100 mg, 94%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.75-4.82 (m, 1H), 3.99-4.18 (m, 1H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.55 (m, 4H), 1.43 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=277 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dimethyl 2-(3-((S)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 160 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 30-100% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (16 mg, 8%). MS: m/z=375 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P025

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 16 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P025 (3.0 mg, 26%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.20-4.32 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.35 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=263 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 160 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (139 mg, 61%). MS: m/z=403 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-(2-Carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P026

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 139 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P026 (3.4 mg, 4%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.09-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.75 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.48 (m 2H), 2.02-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.99 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=263 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(((2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethoxy)carbonyl)amino)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 200 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (92 mg, 36%). MS: m/z=286 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(((Carboxymethoxy)carbonyl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P027

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 92 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P027 (3.5 mg, 6%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.44-4.62 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.22 (m, 1H), 2.45 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.11-21 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=250 (M+H⁺).

Dimethyl 2,2′-((2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)azanediyl)diacetate

A mixture of tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (0.55 g, 2.82 mmol), dimethyl 2,2′-azanediylacetate hydrochloride (0.557, 2.82 mmol), and DIPEA (1.47 mL, 8.5 mmol) in DMF (3.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flask column chromatography (silica gel, 5-30% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (0.58 g, 75%). MS: m/z=276 (M+H⁺).

2-(Bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino)acetic acid

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 580 mg scale. After the removal of solvents, the desired product (460 mg, 99%) was obtained. MS: m/z=220 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dimethyl 2,2′-((2-((3-(benzylthio)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)azanediyl)diacetate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on 460 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-40% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (430 mg, 48%). MS: m/z=427 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2,2′-((2-((2-(Benzylthio)-1-carboxyethyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid: P028

A mixture of (S)-Dimethyl 2,2′-((2-((3-(benzylthio)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)azanediyl)diacetate (460 mg, 0.58 mmol) and aqueous NaOH (1.0 M, 2.04 mL, 2.04 mmol) in THF/NaOH (1:1, 4 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs, coated in vacuo. The residue was acidified with 1 N aqueous HCl solution and purified by HPLC to give the desired product (125 mg, 56%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz) δ 8.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.31 (m, 5H), 4.41-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 3.51 (s, 4H), 3.41 (s, 2H), 2.74-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.71 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=385 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(5-ethoxy-5-oxopentanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 200 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-60% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (139 mg, 51%). MS: m/z=402 (M+H⁺).

S)-2-(4-Carboxybutanamido)pentanedioic acid: P030

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 99 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P030 (5.7 mg, 9%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.37-4.42 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.41 (m 6H), 2.10-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=262 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(5-ethoxy-N-methyl-5-oxopentanamido)pentanedioate

To a solution NaH (12 mg, 0.299 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(5-ethoxy-5-oxopentanamido)pentanedioate (120 mg, 0.299 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, and than MeI (excess) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-50% EtOac/hexanes) to give the desired product (104 mg, 84%). MS: m/z=416 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(4-Carboxy-N-methylbutanamido)pentanedioic acid: P029

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 104 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P029 (1.2 mg, 2%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.99-5.09 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.47 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.41 (m 6H), 2.95-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=262 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-2-(4-Azidobutanamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P031

General experimental procedure for amidation and methyl ester deprotection reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale of (S)-2-((S)-2-aminopropanamido)pentanedioic acid. Isolated 2.0 mg (15.0%) of P031 as a white gum. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 4.39-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.34 (dd, J=14.4, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (dt, J=7.6, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.97 (m, 3H), 1.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=330 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Tert-butyl-6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-(methylamino)hexanoate

To a 50 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar containing DMF (2 ml) was placed lysine CBZ compound (1 equiv). To this reaction mixture added DIPEA (2.5 eq) and MeI (1.5 equiv) and stir at room temp overnight. After reaction was complete, DMF was removed in vacuo. The residue was used directly for urea reaction. MS: m/z=351 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2 (3-((S)-6-amino-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexane-2-yl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 125 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=502 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P032

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 20 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system (0.05% TFA in water-acetonitrile, 20-65%) afforded the title compound (4.5 mg, 22%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.21 (br, 1H), 5.09 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.53-4.50 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.38 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.27 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.82 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.88 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.46 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.26 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=503 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-3,11-Dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P033

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 10 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P033 (5.2 mg, 72%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.23-7.35 (m, 5H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.29 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (dd, J=8.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.31-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.91 (m, 2H, m), 1.59-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=454 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(2-Azidoacetamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P034

General experimental procedures for amide formation of amide and removal of tert-butyl group were followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system as well as on HPLC purification system afforded the title compound P034 (20 mg, 42%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□4.30-4.27 (dd, J=9.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.23-3.18 (td, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.45 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.89, 1.82-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.26 9m, 2H). MS: m/z=417 (M+H⁺).

(9S, 13S)-10-Ethyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P035

General experimental procedure for N-ethylation of lysine followed by urea formation with glutamic acid and tert-butyl removal were used to prepare the title compound. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. Product was purified on HPLC purification system afforded the title compound P035 (24 mg, 65%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.32-7.25 (m, 5H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.66-4.63 (dd, J=10.4, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.02 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.28 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.14 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=482 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-pentyl)3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P036

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound P036 (13 mg, 78%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (br, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.63 (m, 1H), 6.92-6.88 (m, 2H), 5.08 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.19 (dd, J=9.6, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.98 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=549 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((4-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxazol-2-yl)amino)pentanedioate

The mixture was microwaved at 120° C. for 1.5 hrs, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product with a small amount of impurities. It was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=399 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((4-Carboxyoxazol-2-yl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P037

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 260 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P037 (5 mg, 3%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.91 (s, 1H), 4.32-4.41 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.09 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=400 (M+H⁺).

O-Benzyl-N-(3-phenylpropyl)hydroxylamine

A mixture of 3-phenylpropyl bromide (500 mg, 2.51 mm0l), O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (802 mg, 5.02 mmol), and DIPEA (1.34 mL, 7.53 mmol) in DMF (5.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight and then heated at 80° C. for 24 hrs, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (193 mg, 32%). MS: m/z=242 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dibenzyl 2-(3-(benzyloxy)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on a 193 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-40% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (170 mg, 73%). MS: m/z=595 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-Hydroxy-3-(3-phenylpropyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P038

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 170 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P038 (25 mg, 27%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.09-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.28-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.47 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.36-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.20 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=325 (M+H⁺).

(10S,14S)-2,2-Dimethyl-4,12-dioxo-3-oxa-5,11,13-triazahexadecane-10,14,16-tricarboxylic acid: P039

To a solution of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid (3.3 mg, 0.010 mmol) in 1 N NaOH solution (1.0 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (23 mg, 0.10 mmol) in dioxane (1.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and acidified with acetic acid to pH˜5. HPLC purification was performed to give 2.3 mg (53%) of P039 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.29 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (dd, J=8.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.32-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.52 (m, 13H). MS: m/z=420 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(N-(4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)acetamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P040

General experimental procedure for amidation and hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale of (S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 10.3 mg (91%) of P040 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.41-4.49 (m, 1H), 4.08 and 3.99 (d, J=16.0 Hz, two rotamers, total 2H), 3.33-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.14 and 2.04 (two s, two rotamers, total 2H), 1.88-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.54 (m, 13H). MS: m/z=418 (M+H⁺).

(10S,14S)-2,2-Dimethyl-4,12-dioxo-3-oxa-5,11,13-triazahexadecane-10,14,16-tricarboxylic acid: P041

General experimental procedure hydrogenolysis was followed. Reaction was performed on a 20 mg scale of (9S,13S)-3,1-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid. Isolated 6.0 mg (43%) of P041 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.10-4.18 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.36 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.04-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.38-1.52 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=320 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(1-(4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)-3-hydroxyureido)acetamido) pentanedioic acid: P042

General experimental procedure for urea formation and hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 20 mg scale of (S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 2.2 mg (14%) of P042 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 4.45 (dd, J=9.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.00, 3.95, 3.94, 3.89 (ABq, J=16.8 Hz, 2H), 3.22-3.26 (m, 2H), 3.03 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.48 (m, 11H). MS: m/z=435 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-2((2-nitro-1H-imidazo-1-yl)-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P043

General procedure for “click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (1 mg, 7%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (br, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (s, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.31-4.27 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.39 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=554 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-2((2-nitro-1H-imidazo-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P044

General procedure for “click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (2 mg, 13%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.24 (br, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (s, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.30-4.27 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.23-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.45 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.62-1.24 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=568 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-butanamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P045

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 28 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (7.0 mg, 29%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 4.51 ((td, J=6.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.37 (m, 3H), 4.30-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.80 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.96 (m, 7H), 1.92-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.38 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=517 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-butanamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P046

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 28 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and actenitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (5.0 mg, 20%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 4.51 ((td, J=6.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.37 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.80 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.22-1.90 (m, 5H), 1.82-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.26 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=531 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(1-(4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)ureido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P047

General experimental procedure for urea formation and hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30 mg scale of (S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 11.3 mg (50%) of P047 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.45 (dd, J=9.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.02, 3.97, 3.96, 3.91 (ABq, J=16.8 Hz, 2H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.04 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.48 (m, 11H). MS: m/z=419 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(1-(4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)-3-carbamoylureido)acetamido) pentanedioic acid: P048

General experimental procedure for urea formation and hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30 mg scale of (S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 5.6 mg (25%) of P048 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.46 (dd, J=9.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.09, 4.05, 4.03, 3.98 (ABq, J=17.0 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.48 (m, 11H). MS: m/z=419 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-((4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)(carboxymethyl)amino)acetamido) pentanedioic acid: P049

General experimental procedure for alkylation and hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 25 mg scale of(S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 6.9 mg (35%) of P049 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.49 (dd, J=9.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 3.26-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.05 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.18-2.28 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=434 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(4-(4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)-2,6-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P050

General experimental procedure for alkylation and hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 25 mg scale of(S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 2.3 mg (12%) of P050 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 5.22 (1H, dd, J=9.6, 4.4 Hz,), 3.54 (4H, bs), 3.03 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 2.59 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 2.38-2.48 (1H, m), 2.28-2.34 (2H, m), 2.14-2.22 (2H, m), 1.44-1.56 (4H, m), 1.41 (9H, s). MS: m/z=416 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P051

General experimental procedure for hydrogenolysis de-benzylation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale of(S)-dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butylamino)acetamido)pentanedioate. Isolated 6.6 mg (65%) of P051 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.51 (dd, J=9.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.00-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz 2H), 2.16-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H). MS: m/z=376 (M+H⁺).

N-phenethylethanesulfonamide

To a solution of phenylethylamine (500 mg, 4.13 mmol) and triethylamine (0.863 mL, 6.19 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added a solution of ethanesulfonyl chloride (531 mg, 4.13 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desire product (840 mg, 95%). MS: m/z=214 (M+H⁺).

tert-Butyl 2-(N-phenethylethylsulfonamido)acetate

To a solution N-phenethylethanesulfonamide (840 mg, 3.94 mmol) in DMF (5.0 mL) was added NaH (173 mg, 4.33 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, and then a solution of tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (768 mg, 3.94 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (775 mg, 60%). MS: m/z=328 (M+H⁺).

2-(N-phenethylethylsulfonamido)acetic acid

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 775 mg scale. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hrs, it was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=272 (M+H⁺).

Di-tert-butyl 2-(2-(N-phenethylethylsulfonamido)acetamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 642 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-40% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (1000 mg, 82%). MS: m/z=513 (M+H⁺).

2-(2-(N-Phenethylethylsulfonamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P052

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 65 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P052 (35 mg, 65%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.18-7.25 (m 5H), 4.41-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.48-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.07 (q, J=14.8, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=401 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido) pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P053

General experimental procedure for “click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 65 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and actenitrile to afford the tile compound. (12 mg, 20%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.01-7.93 (m, 4H), 4.56 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.44 ((t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.27 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.44-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.90 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22-1.94 (m, 5H), 1.88-1.58 and 1.50-1.32 (m, 2H each). MS: m/z=565 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-butanamido)-pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P054

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 65 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile to afford the title compound (17 mg, 30%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.42 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 4.59 ((t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.27 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.92 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.07 (m, 3H), 1.94-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.62 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.48 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=551 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P055

To a microwave tube was added a solution of (9S,13S)-tri-tert-butyl 3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate (107 mg, 0.172 mmol) in dry DCM (1.0 mL) followed by malonyl dichloride (17 μL, 0.175 mmol). The mixture was microwave heated at 80° C. for 20 minutes. The crude mixture was purified by flush chromatography (EtOAc/hexane, 0 to 50%) to give the (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate 30 mg (65%). 5.0 mg of above intermediate was deprotected with general condition to give 1.3 mg (34%) of P055 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.23-7.35 (m, 5H), 5.33 (dd, J=10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dd, J=10.0, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.07 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.36 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=522 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-Butyl 2-(2 ((benzyloxy)carbonyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of urea was followed. Reaction was performed on 1000 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-40% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give the title compound (1000 mg, 66%). MS: m/z=452 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)pentanedioic acid: P056

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 10 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P056 (5.8 mg, 77%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.23-7.41 (5H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 4.29-4.37 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.42 (m 2H), 2.08-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=340 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-Azidobenzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro pyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P057

General experimental procedure for amidation and deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 9.9 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)pentanedioate. Isolated 4.3 mg (56%) of P057 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.73 (m, 2H), 7.03 (m, 2H), 5.25 (dd, J=10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.28 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.04-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=533 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-Azidobenzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P058

General experimental procedures for amide formation and the removal of tert-butyl ester group were used to obtain the compound. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage and HPLC purification system to afford the title compound (13 mg, 35%, in two steps), ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.76-7.74 (dd, J=6.4, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.06-7.04 (dd, J=6.4, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.42-1.35 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=465 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-Azidobenzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P059

General experimental procedures for amide formation and removal of tert-butyl ester group were followed. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage and HPLC purification system to afford the title compound (11 mg, 28%), ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.76-7.74 (dd, J=6.4, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.05-7.03 (dd, J=6.4, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.21-4.18 (dd, J=9.6, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.34-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.36 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.66 (m, 5H), 1.64-1.44 (m, 7H). MS: m/z=479 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(Hydrazinecarboxamido)pentanedioic acid: P061

First, general experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on an 81 mg scale. Second, the general experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale. After HPLC purification of fully deprotected product, P061 (1.1 mg, 17%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.31-4.39 (m, 1H), 2.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.14-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.99 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=206 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(4-Azidobutaneamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic acid: P062

General experimental procedures for amide formation and removal of ester groups (tert-butyl and methyl) were followed. Reaction was performed on a 40 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (13 mg, 42%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.37-7.35 (dd, J=6.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.07 (dd, J=6.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.44-4.41 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.28 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.03-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.36 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.07-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.72 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=465 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(4-Azidobutaneamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)-3-methylureido)-pentanedioic acid: P063

General experimental procedures for amide formation of and removal of ester groups (tert-butyl and methyl) were followed. Reaction was performed on a 40 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (11 mg, 35%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.40-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.48-4.33 (dd, J=11.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.15-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.0 (m, 1H), 2.94, 2.89 (s, 3H each), 2.38-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.66-1.50 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=478 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido) pentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P064

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 2.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-azidobenzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. Isolated 1.0 mg (43%) of P064 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.27-5.36 (m, 2H), 4.57 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.45 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 2.91 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.36 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.04-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.58-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=619 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P065

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 4 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (3 mg, 64%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (dd, J=7.6, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.51-4.43 (m, 4H), 4.38 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.98-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.78 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.22 (m, 7H), 2.14-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.87-1.78 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=551 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)-pentanedioate

A mixture of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(hydrazinecarboxamido)pentanedioate (50 mg, 0.16 mmol), 2-(4-bromobutyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (44 mg, 0.16 mmol), and DIPEA (0.082 mL, 0.472 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 40-80% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product (35 mg, 43%). MS: m/z=519 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-Acetyl-2-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)-pentanedioic acid: P066

First, a solution (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)-pentanedioate (35 mg, 0.067 mmol), acetyl chloride (5.3 mg, 0.067 mmol), and triethylamine (0.024 mL, 0.169 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification. General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 38 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P066 (20 mg, 66%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.74-7.86 (m, 4H), 4.23-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.99 (m, 1H), 3.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.74 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=449 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(6-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)hexamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P067

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 53 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (16 mg. 33%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.05 (m, 2H), 4.48-4.28 (m, 6H), 3.00-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.06-1.50 (m, 9H), 1.32-1.20 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=579 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(6-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)hexamido)phenyl)ethyl-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P068

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 53 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (5 mg. 10%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.06 (td, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.56-4.27 (m, 6H), 4.14 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.02, 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.78 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.28-2.17 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.82 (m, 10H), 1.37-1.30 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=593 (M+H⁺).

A mixture of(S)-tert-butyl 2-amino-6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate HCl salt (1.5 g, 4 mmol), 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (571 mg, 4.2 mmol), and sodium bicarbonate (636 mg, 6 mmol) in 5 mL of MeOH was stirred at rt for 18 h. I was filtered and the solid was washed with MeOH (2 mL). The filtrate was added 3 mL of ether and let sit for 2 h. The mixture was filtered again and the filtrate was concentrated to afford (E)-tert-butyl 6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)hexanoate as a clear oil. MS(ESI): m/z=455 (M+H⁺).

To above compound in DCM (5.0 mL) at −15° C. was added a mCPBA (1.27 g, 5.7 mmol) suspension in DCM (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h and diluted with EtOAc (60 mL). It was washed with NaHCO₃ (3×50 mL) and brine (50 mL), and dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated to afford tert-butyl 6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-oxaziridin-2-yl)hexanoate as a clear oil. To this oil in MeOH (10 mL) was added hydroxylamine HCl (635 mg, 9.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h. Solvent was removed and the residue was taken up to EtOAc (80 mL) and washed with water (2×50 mL) and NaHCO₃ (2×50 mL), and brine (50 mL). Solvent was removed and the residue was purified by chromatography to afford tert-butyl 6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-(hydroxyamino)hexanoate as a thick oil (1.25 g, 87%). MS: m/z=353 (M+H⁺).

The above compound (352 mg, 1 mmol) was reacted with isocyanate using the standard condition for urea formation. The crude product was purified by chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to afford (9S,13S)-tri-tert-butyl 10-hydroxy-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate as a white wax (350 mg, 55%). MS: m/z=638 (M+H⁺).

(13S)-10-Hydroxy-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P069

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. The crude product was purified by RP-HPLC (MeCN/TFA) to afford (13S)-10-Hydroxy-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid, P069, as a fluffy solid (10 mg, 70%). ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 7.40-7.30 (m, 5H), 6.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.73 (m, 1H), 5.05 (m, 2H), 4.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.30 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=470 (M+H⁺).

(13S)-3-Oxo-1-phenyl-11-thioxo-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P070

General experimental procedures for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection were followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P070 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 5H), 5.95 (dd, J=10.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.75 (m, 1H), 5.10-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.99-4.94 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.11-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.36 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=470 (M+H⁺).

(13S)-10-Hydroxy-3-oxo-1-phenyl-11-thioxo-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P071

General experimental procedures for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection were followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P071 was obtained as a white fluffy solid. MS: m/z=486 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,5-trioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P072

To a solution of (9S,13S)-tri-tert-butyl 3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate (200 mg, 0.322 mmol) in dry DCM (2.0 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.32 mL, 0.64 mmol, 2.0 M solution in DCM). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 2 hours. The crude mixture was purified by flush chromatography (EtOAc/hexane, 0 to 40%) to give the intermediate which was deprotected with general condition to give 8.5 mg (5.2%) of P072 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.23-7.36 (m, 5H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.88 (m, 1H), 4.78 (bt, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (bt, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.14-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.58 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=508 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(5-Azidopentanamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro pyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P073

General experimental procedures for amidation and tert-butyl deprotection were followed. Reaction was performed on a 19.7 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate. Isolated 10.0 mg (55%) of P073 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 5.35 (dd, J=10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.38 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.28 (m, 4H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.64 (m, 6H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=513 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(2-Azidoacetamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro pyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P074 Precursor

General experimental procedures for amidation and tert-butyl deprotection were followed. Reaction was performed on a 19.7 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate. Isolated 7.3 mg (44%) of P074 precursor as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 5.35 (dd, J=10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dd, J=9.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 3.18 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.38 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=471 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido) pentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P074

General experimental procedures for amidation and tert-butyl deprotection were followed. Reaction was performed on a 2.6 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(2-azidoacetamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. Isolated 1.1 mg (35%) of P074 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.76 (s, 1H), 5.35 (dd, J=10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (dd, J=9.6, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.52 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.37 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.18 (m, 4H), 1.44-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=557 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-2-Carboxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamido)pentanedioic acid: P075

General procedures for urea formation and base hydrolysis of methyl ester were followed to prepare the proline-glutamic acid urea derivative. The reaction was performed on a 211 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (218 mg. 86%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.12-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.93 (dd, J=8.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.1.8 (m, 1H), 2.34-1.92 (m, 8H). MS: m/z=289 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanamido) pentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P076

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 2.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(5-azidopentanamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P076 (1.0 mg, 43%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.76 (s, 1H), 5.34 (dd, J=10.0, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J=9.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.34-4.40 (m, 3H), 3.08-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.50 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.29 (m, 4H), 1.95-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.83-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.26-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=599 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P077

General experimental procedure for alkylation reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P077 (8.5 mg, 36%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.34 (m, 4H), 5.31 (dd, J=9.6, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (dd, J=9.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 3.03-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.45 (ddd, J=14.1, 6.5, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.22-2.36 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.56 (m, 8H), 1.26-1.39 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=550 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5-ethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P078

General experimental procedure for alkylation reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 27 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P078 (8.5 mg, 23%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.24-7.37 (m, 4H), 5.22-5.42 (m, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 3.04-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.37 (m, 6H), 1.97-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.38 (m, 3H), 0.96 (td, J=7.4, 4.3 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=550 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P079

General experimental procedure for alkylation reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 27 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P079 (8.5 mg, 42%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.34 (m, 4H), 5.31-5.45 (m, 2H), 4.95-5.09 (m, 2H), 3.03-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.37 (m, 4H), 1.96-2.10 (m, 5H), 1.41-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.86 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=578 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-hexamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P080

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 13 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system (0.05% TFA in water-acetonitrile, 20-65%) afforded the title compound (11.5 mg, 77%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 4.84 (m, 1H), 4.50 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.40-4.34 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.26 (dd, J=9.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.18-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.80 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.18-1.70 (m, 7H), 1.66-1.28 (m, 8H). MS: m/z=559 (M+H⁺).

2-((2S)-2-Carboxy-4-(5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamido)pentanedioic acid: P081

General experimental procedures for urea, amidation, click chemistry, and tert-butyl deprotection were followed. After HPLC purification, P081 was obtained as a white fluffy solid. 1H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 5.89 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.79-5.73 (m, 3H), 5.68 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 5.59 (dd, J=10.4, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (dd, J=9.6, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.67-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.52 (dd, J=10, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.39 (m, 5H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.88 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=515 (M+H⁺).

(S)-dibenzyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for urea coupling was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.2 g scale. Isolated 0.4 g (73%) of the desired product as a white solid. MS m/z=499.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1,5-bis(benzyloxy)-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl)ureido)propanoic acid

General experimental procedure for N-Boc deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.4 g scale. Isolated 0.4 g (93%) of the desired product as a white solid. MS m/z=443.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-dibenzyl 2-(3-((S)-1-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for amide coupling was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.4 g scale. Isolated 0.2 g (42%) of the desired product as a white solid. MS m/z=488.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-((2-Fluoroethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P082

General experimental procedure for benzyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.05 g scale. After HPLC purification, P082 (10 mg, 31%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 4.43 (td, J=47.6, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.46 (td, J=26.8, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.34 (m, 4H), 2.17-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.84 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=308.1 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-4-Methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P083

General experimental procedure for alkylation and deprotection reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 75 mg scale of (9S,13S)-tri-tert-butyl 3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate. P083 (7.4 mg, 13%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.27-7.34 (m, 5H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.21-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.89 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 3H), 2.39 (ddd, J=8.7, 6.9, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 2.07-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.71 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.43 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=468 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P084

To a solution of (9S, 13 S)-tri-tert-butyl 3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate (140 mg, 0.225 mmol) in dry DCM (3.0 mL) was added N-(chlorocarbonyl) isocyanate (22 μL, 0.273 mmol) and pyridine (50 μL, 618 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and diluted with DCM. The mixture was washed with water, ammonium chloride solution, and brine. The DCM was removed and the residue was purified by flush chromatography (EtOAc/hexane, 0 to 40%) to give (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)pentanedioate 119 mg (76%) as colorless gum. 10.0 mg of above intermediate was deprotected with general condition to give P084 (5.6 mg, 63%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.25-7.34 (m, 5H), 5.15-5.28 (m, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.04-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.49 (m, 4H), 2.01-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.58 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=523 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5-methyl-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P085

To a solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)pentanedioate (23.4 mg, 0.0334 mmol) in acetonitrile/methanol (1.0 mL, v1:1) was added diazomethane in ether (100 μL, 2.0 M). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes and concentrated. The residue was deprotected with general condition to give P085 (8.4 mg, 46%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.34 (m, 5H), 5.20-5.33 (m, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 3.05-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.49 (m, 4H), 2.01-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.58 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=537 (M+H⁺).

2-((S)-4-(4-(4-Azidobenzamido)butyl)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-pentanedioic acid: P086

The cyclized product was obtained during the acid hydrolysis of tert-butyl group of methylated azido-amide P059. Product was purified with HPLC. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.83-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.10 (m, 2H), 4.67-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.08 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.46-2.28 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.36 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=460 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)amino)pentanedioate

A mixture of ethyl 2-bromo-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.4 mmol), (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-aminopentanedioate hydrochloride (118 mg, 0.4 mmol), and DIPEA (0.139 mL, 0.8 mmol) in THF (2.0 mL) was microwaved at 120° C. for 15 min, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used directly in the next step without any further purification.

(S)-2-((5-Carboxy-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P087

General procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on 80 mg scale. The reaction mixture was then under basic hydrolysis to give crude tri acid. After HPLC purification, P087 (3.5 mg, 7%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.40-4.51 (m, 1H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.20 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=289 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5-nitroso-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P088

To a solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (15 mg, 0.022 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) was added 1M solution of sulfuric acid (0.5 mL) followed by solid sodium nitrite (3.0 mg, 0.043 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes and concentrated. The residue was deprotected with general condition to give P088 (1.5 mg, 13%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.24-7.34 (m, 5H), 5.29-5.46 (m, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 3.05-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.41 (m, 4H), 1.98-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.36 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=551 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((((4-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)pentyl)-5-nitro-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P089

To a solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (15 mg, 0.022 mmol) in chloroform (0.5 mL) was added HNO₃ (conc.) (0.1 mL) followed by TFA (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and concentrated. The residue was purified by HPLC to give P089 (1.4 mg, 12%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.21 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.66 (m, 2H), 5.34-5.48 (m, 2H), 5.08-5.22 (m, 2H), 3.04-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.37 (m, 3H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.40 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=612 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dibenzyl 2-(2-((benzyloxy)amino)acetamido)pentanedioate

First, general experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 525 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give a bromide (269 mg, 57%). MS: m/z=449 (M+H⁺). Second, The bromide was treated with benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the present of DIPEA which gives the title compound (86 mg, 29%). MS: m/z=491 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dibenzyl 2-(2-(4-(4-azidophenyl)-N-(benzyloxy)butanamido)acetamido)-pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 43 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give a bromide (38 mg, 64%). MS: m/z=678 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-hydroxybutanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P090

First, general experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 38 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. Second, general experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 43 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P090 (10 mg, 37%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.24 (s, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=3.6 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.78-2.16 (m 6H). MS: m/z=494 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(5-Amino-3-((S)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P091

To a solution of (2S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5-nitroso-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid (1.5 mg, 0.0027 mmol) in acetonitrile/water/TFA (10 mL, 50:50:0.05) was added sodium hydrogen sulfite (10 mg, 0.057 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and concentrated and purified by HPLC to give P091 (1.0 mg, 68%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.15-7.27 (m, 5H), 5.15-5.37 (m, 2H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 2.84-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.49 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.45 (m, 5H), 1.31-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.30 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=537 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P092

Compound P092 was synthesized using the same procedures for the preparation of P069. After HPLC purification, P092 was obtained. 1H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 2H), 4.74-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.60 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.36-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.95-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.42 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=567 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Dibenzyl 2-(2-(5-azido-N-(benzyloxy)pentanamido)acetamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 43 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 5-50% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give a bromide (37 mg, 69%). MS: m/z=616 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-hydroxypentanamido)-acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P093

First, general experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 37 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. Second, general experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 43 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P093 (15 mg, 60%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 4.44-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.42 (m, 3H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 2.80 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 2H), 2.54-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.86-2.09 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.65 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=432 (M+H⁺).

General experimental procedure for amidation and deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 26 mg scale of(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate. Isolated 1.4 mg (5.2%) of P094 precursor as a white solid. MS: m/z=575 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanamido)pentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P094

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 1.4 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-(4-azidophenyl)butanamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P094 (0.8 mg, 50%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.24-5.40 (m, 2H), 4.55-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.25 (m, 7H), 1.92-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.38 (n, 2H). MS: m/z=661 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-Benzyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P095

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ: 7.35-7.26 (m 5H), 5.37 (m, 1H), 5.08-4.98 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.20 (m, 4H); MS: m/z=370.8 (M+Na⁺)

(S,E)-2-(3-Benzyl-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethylidene)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P096

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ: 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.24 (m 5H), 5.51 (m, 1H), 5.20-5.00 (m, 3H), 4.52-4.38 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.36 (m, 5H), 2.15-1.98 (m, 2H); MS: m/z=517.7 (M+H⁺)

To (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-aminopentanedioate HCl (148 mg, 0.5 mmol) in dry DCM (5.0 mL) was added TEA (252 mg, 2.5 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and added malonyl dichloride (35 mg, 0.25 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and diluted with ETOAc. It was washed with water (3×50 mL) and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica chromatography to afford (2S,2′S)-tetra-tert-butyl 2,2′-(malonylbis(azanediyl))dipentanedioate as a clear oil (140 mg, 47%). MS: m/z=587 (M+H⁺).

2,2′-(Malonylbis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P097

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P097 (10 mg, 61%) was obtained as a white fluffy solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O, 400 MHz) δ 4.29 (dd, J=23, 13 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (s, 2H), 2.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 2.09-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.80 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=363 (M+H⁺).

(2′S)-2,2′-(Oxalylbis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P098

General experimental procedures for amide formation and the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P098 (8.0 mg, 51%) was obtained as a white fluffy solid. ¹H NMR (D2O, 400 MHz) δ 4.53-4.48 (m, 2H), 2.43 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 2.32-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.02 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=349 (M+H⁺).

To (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-aminopentanedioate HCl (148 mg, 0.5 mmol) in 5 mL dry DCM was added TEA (252 mg, 2.5 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and added sulfuryl dichloride (33 mg, 0.25 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at rt for 5 h and diluted with ETOAc. It was washed with water (3×50 mL) and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica chromatography to afford (2S,2′S)-tetra-tert-butyl 2,2′-(sulfonylbis(azanediyl))dipentanedioate as a clear oil (86 mg, 29%). MS: m/z=581 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2,2′-(Sulfonylbis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P099

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P099 (10 mg, 55%) was obtained as a white fluffy solid. ¹H NMR (D₂O, 400 MHz) δ 4.01 (dd, J=8, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (m, 4H), 2.13 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=357 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(2-(4-(4-azidophenyl)butanoyl)hydrazinecarboxamido)-pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 93 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 50-80% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give a bromide (89 mg, 60%). MS: m/z=505 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanoyl)-hydrazinecarboxamido)pentanedioic acid: P100

First, general experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on an 89 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. Second, general experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P100 (10 mg, 12%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.50 (dt, J=47.6, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.31-4.36 (m, 1H), 2.89 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.35-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.28 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.86-2.22 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=479 (M+H⁺).

(S,Z)-2-(3-Benzyl-5-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-hydroxybutylidene)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P101

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.69 (m 2H), 7.42-7.20 (m, 7H), 5.48-5.42 (m, 1H), 5.08-5.03 (m, 2H), 4.56-4.44 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.79 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.30 (m, 4H), 2.15-1.98 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=622.1 (M+H⁺)

(S,Z)-2-(3-Benzyl-5-(5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxypentylidene)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P102

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz), δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 5H), 5.48 (m, 1H), 5.08-5.03 (m, 2H), 4.49-4.37 (m, 4H), 3.17-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.30 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.92 (m, 4H), 1.68-1.65 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=559.7 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-(4-Azidophenyl)butanamido)1-carboxypentyl)-3-methylureido)-pentanedioic acid

General experimental procedures for amide formation and removal of tert-butyl ester groups were followed. Reaction was performed on a 125 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (5 mg, 5%, in two steps). MS: m/z=478 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-butanamido)phenyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P103

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 2 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (1.2 mg. 49%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.27-7.70 (dd, J=6.4, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.26 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.22-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (m, 3H), 2.67 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.24-1.88 (m, 8H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.36 (m, 3H), MS: m/z=607 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Bis(4-nitrobenzyl)amino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P104

General experimental procedure for reductive amination and deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 40 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)pentanedioate. Isolated 9.0 mg (19%) of P104 as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.28-8.33 (m, 4H), 7.70-7.75 (m, 4H), 5.43 (dd, J=9.6, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J=9.6, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.45 (m, 4H), 2.94 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.46-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.37 (m, 4H), 1.91-2.07 (m, 5H), 1.76-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.84 (dt, J=12.2, 7.4 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=714 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)pentanamido)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P105

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(5-azido-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)pentanamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P105 (3.2 mg, 57%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.24 and 8.18 (d, J=8.6 Hz, two rotomers, total 2H), 7.77 and 7.81 (s, two rotomers, total 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.43 (dd, J=9.6, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.31-5.37 (m, 1H), 4.72-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.77 (m, 2H), 4.50-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.45 (m, 3H), 2.78-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.40 (m, 5H), 1.93-2.11 (m, 8H), 1.84-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.23-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.86 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=790 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(8-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,7,9-trioxo-6,8-diazaspiro[3.5]nonan-6-yl)pentanedioic acid: P106

To a solution of (9S, 13 S)-tri-tert-butyl 3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate (30 mg, 0.048 mmol) in dry DCM (2.0 mL) was added cyclobutane-1,1-dicarbonyl dichloride (26 mg, 0.144 mmol). The mixture was heated at 70° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was deprotected with general condition to give P106 (10.0 mg, 28%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.40 (m, 5H), 5.34 (dd, J=9.8, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 5.22-5.30 (m, 1H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 3.09 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.50-2.71 (m, 4H), 2.25-2.49 (m, 4H), 2.01-2.24 (m, 4H), 1.39-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.33 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H). MS: m/z=562 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-nitrophenylsulfonamido)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P107

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (10 mg, 0.016 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (5.4 mg, 0.024 mmol) and triethylamine (10 μL, 0.072 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P107 (4.7 mg, 46%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.39-8.42 (m, 2H), 8.04-8.08 (m, 2H), 5.43 (dd, J=9.2, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (dd, J=9.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.38 (m, 3H), 1.92-2.14 (m, 6H), 1.38-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.92 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=629 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(3-benzylureido)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P108

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (10 mg, 0.016 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added benzyl isocyanate (6.5 mg, 0.049 mmol) and triethylamine (10 μL, 0.072 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P108 (5.4 mg, 57%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.19-7.32 (m, 5H), 5.42-5.51 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.47 (m, 2H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.36 (m, 4H), 1.99-2.12 (m, 5H), 1.42-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.41 (m, 2H), 0.88 (td, J=7.4, 4.3 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=577 (M+H⁺).

2-(4-(((2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P109

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.05 g scale. After HPLC purification, P109 (50 mg, 50%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (dd, J=10.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 2.67-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.23 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H). MS: m/z=374.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-carboxy-5-(4-nitrobenzylamino)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P110

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (10 mg, 0.016 mmol) in DCE (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (3.0 mg, 0.020 mmol), acetic acid (18 μL, 0.315 mmol), and sodium NaBH(OAc)₃ (18 mg, 0.085 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and further deprotected with general condition to give P110 (6.4 mg, 67%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.31-8.34 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.75 (m, 2H), 5.34-5.48 (m, 2H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 3.08 (ddd, J=9.2, 7.0, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.37 (m, 4H), 1.96-2.11 (m, 5H), 1.68-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.51 (m, 2H), 0.88 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=579 (M+H⁺).

tert-Butyl 3-((benzyloxy)amino)propanoate

A mixture of O-benzylhydroxylamie hydrochloride (500 mg, 3.13 mmol), tert-butyl acrylate (401 mg, 3.13 mmol), and DIPEA (0.546 mL, 3.13 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) was microwaved at 120° C. for 20 min, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0-40% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the title compound (53 mg, 6.7%). MS: m/z=252 (M+H⁺).

tert-Butyl 3-(4-(4-azidophenyl)-N-(benzyloxy)butanamido)propanoate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 53 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 0-35% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give a bromide (80 mg, 87%). MS: m/z=439 (M+H⁺).

tert-Butyl 3-(N-(benzyloxy)-4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanamido)propanoate

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on an 80 mg scale. The crude product was purified on flash column chromatography (silica gel, 30-80% EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired compound (59 mg, 62%). MS: m/z=525 (M+H⁺).

3-(N-(Benzyloxy)-4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-butanamido)propanoic acid

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 59 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification.

(S)-Dibenzyl 2-(3-(N-(benzyloxy)-4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanamido)propanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 53 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage purification system eluting out in 30-100% EtOAc:Hexanes mixture in a gradient elution to give a bromide (71 mg, 81%). MS: m/z=778 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-hydroxybutanamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P111

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 71 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P111 (17 mg, 37%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.52 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.40-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.85-93 (m, 1H), 2.91 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.47-2.62 (4H), 2.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.03-2.23 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.99 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=508 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-methoxybenzylamino)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P112

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (12 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DCE (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (3.2 mg, 0.024 mmol), acetic acid (18 μL, 0.315 mmol), and sodium NaBH(OAc)₃ (20 mg, 0.094 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and further deprotected with general condition to give P112 (9.5 mg, 86%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.93 (m, 2H), 5.26-5.39 (m, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.91 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.29 (m, 4H), 1.90-2.02 (m, 5H), 1.58-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.43 (m, 2H), 0.80 (td, J=7.4, 1.6 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=564 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-fluoronicotinamido)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P113

General experimental procedure for amidation and deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 12.0 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P113 (4.6 mg, 41%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.60-8.69 (m, 1H), 8.27-8.41 (m, 1H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 5.42 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.97-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.92 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=567 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-((E)-3-(4-Azidophenyl)allylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P114 precursor

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (12 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DCE (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (3.4 mg, 0.020 mmol), acetic acid (12 μL, 0.210 mmol), and sodium NaBH(OAc)₃ (12.5 mg, 0.059 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and further deprotected with general condition to give P114 precursor (4.0 mg, 34%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.51 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (dt, J=15.8, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 5.30-5.52 (m, 2H), 3.79 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.95-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.35 (m, 4H), 2.00-2.12 (m, 5H), 1.65-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 2H), 0.88 (td, J=7.3, 1.4 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=601 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((E)-3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)allylamino)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P114

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 2.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-((E)-3-(4-azidophenyl)allylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P114 (0.8 mg, 35%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.32-6.47 (m, 1H), 5.36-5.52 (m, 2H), 4.59 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.87-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.97-2.40 (m, 11H), 1.64-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.54 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=687 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-3-(5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentanamido)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 41 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=704 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-3-(5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentanamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P115

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 60 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P115 (23 mg, 49%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.41-4.46 (m, 1H), 2.91 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.24 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=536 (M+H⁺).

(10S,14S)-Tri-tert-butyl 3,8,12-trioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,9,13-triazahexadecane-10,14,16-tricarboxylate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=650 (M+H⁺).

(10S,14S)-3,8,12-Trioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,9,13-triazahexadecane-10,14,16-tricarboxylic acid: P116

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 75 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P116 (30 mg, 54%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.22-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.74 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.15 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.82 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=482 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-((Z)-5-(4-(((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P117

General experimental procedures for amide formation and the removal of benzyl group were followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (1.5 mg, 7%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.78 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 4H), 5.37 (br, 1H), 4.37-4.22 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.0 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=610 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonylamino)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P118

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (20 mg, 0.032 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (10.6 mg, 0.049 mmol) and triethylamine (15 μL, 0.108 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P118 (8.5 mg, 42%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.23 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.33-5.47 (m, 2H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 3.06-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.38 (m, 4H), 1.98-2.12 (m, 5H), 1.45-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.42 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.92 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=623 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-3-(5-benzamidopentanamido)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 42 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=634 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-(5-Benzamidopentanamido)-3-carboxypropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P119

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 62 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P119 (20 mg, 44%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.78-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.55 (m, 3H), 4.74 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.31*t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.75 (4H). MS: m/z=466 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonylamino)pentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P120

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (23 mg, 0.041 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (10.7 mg, 0.050 mmol) and triethylamine (18 μL, 0.130 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P120 (13.4 mg, 57%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.23 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.23-5.38 (m, 2H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 3.07-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.52 (m, 3H), 2.12-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.41 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=567 (M+H⁺).

5-Amino-5-oxo-2-(4-(((2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanoic acid: P121

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.032 g scale. After HPLC purification, P121 (0.05 g, 72%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (dd, J=10.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.12 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=373.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butanamido)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 47 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=607 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butanamido)propanamido)-pentanedioic acid: P122

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 68 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P122 (33 mg, 67%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.10 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.73 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.59-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=439 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((S)-4-(tert-butoxy)-3-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)butanamido)-4-oxobutanamido)pentanedioate

General experimental procedure for the formation of amide was followed. Reaction was performed on a 47 mg scale. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=622 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-3-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)butanamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P123

General experimental procedure for the removal of tert-butyl group from esters was followed. Reaction was performed on a 68 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P123 (25 mg, 50%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.15 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39-4.46 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.85-2.03 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=454 (M+H⁺).

2-(4-(2-Amino-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanedioic acid

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.05 g scale. The title compound (50 mg, 54%) was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/z=301.1 (M+H⁺).

2-(4-(2-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P124

General experimental procedures for benzoylation were followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.054 g scale. After HPLC purification, P124 (70 mg, 77%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 5H), 5.44 (dd, J=9.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (ABq, J_(AB)=12.4 Hz, 2H), 4.48 (dd, J=8.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.33-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.18 (t, J=7.6, Hz, 2H). MS: m/z=435.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-4-(Formyloxy)-4-(picolinamido)butanoic acid: P125

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=30 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (m 1H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.66 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.41 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=252.8 (M+H⁺)

(S,Z)-2-(5-((4-Aminophenyl)(hydroxy)methylene)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P127

General experimental procedures for amide formation and hydrogenation method for debenzylation were followed. Reaction was performed on a 23 mg scale. Product was purified by HPLC purification system using 0.05% TFA in water and acetonitrile as a solvent yielded the title compound (1.5 mg, 8%). ¹H NMR (400 CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.51-7.49 (dd, J=6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.46 (dd, J=6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.44-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.30-5.26 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.25 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=378 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-nitrophenylsulfonamido)pentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P128

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (10.0 mg, 0.018 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (6.0 mg, 0.027 mmol) and triethylamine (10 μL, 0.072 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P128 (4.7 mg, 46%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.39-8.42 (m, 2H), 8.05-8.08 (m, 2H), 5.35 (dd, J=10.0, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (dd, J=9.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.34-2.52 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.54 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=573 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(3-Benzylureido)-1-carboxypentyl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P129

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (10.0 mg, 0.018 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added benzyl isocyanate (2.9 mg, 0.022 mmol) and triethylamine (10 μL, 0.072 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P129 (4.7 mg, 55%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.19-7.32 (m, 4H), 5.27-5.39 (m, 2H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.52 (m, 3H), 2.12-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.57 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=521 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(3-(4-Azidophenyl)thioureido)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P130 precursor

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate (24 mg, 0.039 mmol) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added 4-azidophenyl isothiocyanate (8.3 mg, 0.047 mmol) and triethylamine (20 μL, 0.144 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P130 precursor (13.5 mg, 56%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.31-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.04-7.08 (m, 2H), 5.36-5.47 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.39 (m, 4H), 2.00-2.13 (m, 5H), 1.58-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.45 (m, 2H), 0.89 (td, J=7.4, 3.5 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=620 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)thioureido)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P130

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5.7 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(3-(4-azidophenyl)thioureido)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P130 (3.7 mg, 57%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.62 (m, 2H), 5.38-5.48 (m, 2H), 4.58 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.47-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.19 (m, 7H), 1.60-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.47 (m, 2H), 0.90 (td, J=7.4, 2.0 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=706 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(5-Benzamido-N-hydroxypentanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 75 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P131 (17 mg, 37%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.78-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.55 (m 3H), 4.44-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 3.37-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=424 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(N-Hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P132

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 68 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P132 (33 mg, 80%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.45-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.32 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.60 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.51-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.14-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.84-2.01 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=397 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-fluoronicotinamide)pentyl)-3-methylureido)-pentanedioic acid: P133

General experimental procedures for amide formation and removal of tert-butyl group from esters were followed. Reaction was performed on a 70 mg scale. Product was purified on a Biotage and HPLC purification system afforded the title compound (10 mg, 16%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.65 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.36-8.31 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.14 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.28 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.23-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.46-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=457 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-(6-nitronicotinamide)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-methylureido)-pentanedioate: P133 Precursor 1

General experimental procedure for amide formation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. Product was purified on a HPLC purification system using water-acetonitrile with 0.05% TFA (30-90%) afforded the protected amide-ester (30 mg, 24%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.98-8.97 (dd, J=2.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 8.85 (br, 1H), 8.55-8.52 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.39-8.37 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.76-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.19-4.15 (d, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.36 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.60 (m, 5H), 1.44-1.22 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=652 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-(6-bromonicotinamide)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-methylureido)-pentanedioate: P133 Precursor 2

General experimental procedure for amide formation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 115 mg scale. Product was purified on a HPLC purification system using water-acetonitrile with 0.05% TFA (30-90%) afforded the protected amide-ester (50 mg, 24%). ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 8.73-8.72 (dd, J=2.4, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 8.01-7.98 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (br s, 1H), 5.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73-4.69 (dd, J=10.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.06-2.0 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.52 (m, 6H), 1.44-1.22 (m, 11H). MS: m/z=685 and 687 (M+H⁺ and M+2H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-Aminophenyl)-N-hydroxybutanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P134

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 97 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P134 (10 mg, 18%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.45-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.87-2.03 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=382 (M+H⁺).

(R)-2-(3-((S)-3-(Benzylamino)-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P135

General experimental procedures for amide formation and removal of tert-butyl group from esters were followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.28-7.20 (m, 6H), 5.14 (m 1H), 4.45-4.30 (m, 4H), 3.71-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.33 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=411.9 (M+H⁺)

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(((cyanoimino)(methylthio)methyl)amino)pentanedioate

(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-aminopentanedioate hydrochloride (2 g, 6.76 mmol), dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate (1.29 g, 8.82 mmol), and Triethylamine (1.885 ml, 13.52 mmol) were added in Acetonitrile (Volume: 22.54 ml). The reaction was heated for 1 hour at 90° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and purified by combiflash using 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(((cyanoimino)(methylthio)methyl)amino)pentanedioate (1.2 g, 3.36 mmol, 49.6%) MS: m/z=358 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-Tri-tert-butyl 11-(cyanoimino)-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate

Silver nitrate (0.513 g, 3.02 mmol) was added to a solution containing, (S)-tert-butyl 2-amino-6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate hydrochloride (0.42 g, 1.126 mmol)(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(((cyanoimino)(methylthio)methyl)amino)pentanedioate (0.36 g, 1.007 mmol), and Triethylamine (0.281 ml, 2.014 mmol) in DMF (Volume: 5 ml). Heated the reaction to 80° C. for 20 minutes in MW. Let the reaction cool to room temperature and filtered. Concentrated and purified by prep HPLC to afford (9S,13S,Z)-tri-tert-butyl 11-(cyanoimino)-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate (0.4 g, 0.619 mmol, 61.5% yield) MS: m/z=646 (M+H⁺)

(9S,13S)-11-(Cyanoimino)-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P136

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P136 (9.0 mg, 24%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.29 (m, 5H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.46 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=478 (M+H⁺).

2-(4-(2-(4-(4-Azidophenyl)butanamido)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanedioic acid

General experimental procedure for coupling reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.07 g scale. The title compound (30 mg, 26%) was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/z=488.1 (M+H⁺).

2-(4-(2-(4-(4-Azidophenyl)butanamido)-2-carboxyethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P137 Precursor

General experimental procedure for hydrolysis was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.03 g scale. After HPLC purification, P137 Precursor (10 mg, 34%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.36 (dd, J=10.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8, Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.08 (m, 5H), 1.79-1.71 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=474.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid P138

To microwave tube was added a solution of (9S, 13S)-tri-tert-butyl 3-oxo-1-phenyl-11-thioxo-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylate (110 mg, 0.173 mmol) in dry DCM (2.0 mL) followed by diethyl malonyl dichloride (40 mg, 0.272 mmol). The mixture was microwave heated at 80° C. for 30 minutes. The crude mixture was purified by flush chromatography (EtOAc/hexane, 0 to 30%) to give the (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioate 66 mg (50%). 22.0 mg of above intermediate was deprotected with general condition to give P138 (1.2 mg, 7%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.27-7.37 (m, 5H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.74-4.87 (m, 2H), 4.62 (dd, J=10.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.05-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.47 (m, 5H), 2.01-2.23 (m, 5H), 1.39-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.38 (m, 4H), 0.79-0.90 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=594 (M+H⁺).

(8S,12S)-9-Hydroxy-3,10-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,9,11-triazatetradecane-8,12,14-tricarboxylic acid: P139

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 352 mg scale of (S)-tert-butyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxyamino)pentanoate. After HPLC purification, P139 (17.5 mg, 36% in two steps) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.27-7.37 (m, 5H), 5.00-5.12 (m, 2H), 4.71 (dd, J=11.0, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (dd, J=9.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.10-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.29 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.74 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=456 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-12-Hydroxy-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P140

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 352 mg scale of (S)-tert-butyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxyamino)pentanoate. After HPLC purification, P140 (17.5, 36%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.32-7.31 (m 5H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.78-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.34-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=470 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)-N-hydroxybutanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P141

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P141 (5.0 mg, 25%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.91-8.07 (m, 4H), 4.52 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.34-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=537 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(2-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-N-hydroxybutanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P142

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 22 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P142 (6.2 mg, 44%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.47 (dt, J=47.6 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.45-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.35 (br s, 2H), 2.83 (t, I=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.79-2.32 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=475 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-10-Methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-1-thioxo-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P143

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 37 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P143 (3.4 mg, 12%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.20-7.40 (m, 5H), 5.18-5.22 (m, 1H), 5.11-5.16 (m, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 3.08-3.17 (m, 2H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.39-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.37 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.51 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=484 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(3-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-hydroxypropanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P144

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 120 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P144 (35 mg, 46%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.41-4.61 (m 3H), 4.36 (s, 2H), 2.98-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.38-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.89-2.25 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=480 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-hydroxy-butanamido)ethanethioamido)pentanedioic acid: P145

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 200 mg scale of (S)-tert-butyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxyamino)pentanoate. After HPLC purification, P145 (17.5, 45%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.74-7.72 (dd, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.14-5.11 (dd, J=8.4, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 4.57 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.78 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.45-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.16-1.98 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=510 (M+H⁺).

General experimental procedures for the removal of benzyl group and amide formation were followed. Reaction was performed on a 65 mg scale. After purification on column (silica gel) to give (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(4-azidobenzamido)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-hydroxythioureido)pentanedioate (23 mg, 34% in two steps) as a yellow wax. MS: m/z=665 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxythioureido)pentanedioic acid: P146

General experimental procedure for click chemistry and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 9.0 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P146 was obtained. MS: m/z=583 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanamido)pentyl)-1-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P147

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 352 mg scale of (S)-tert-butyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxyamino)pentanoate. P147 was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 9.30 (s, 1H), 7.72-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 2H), 4.74-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.56 (m, 1H), 4.44-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.37-4.36 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.30-1.90 (m, 9H), 1.80-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.40 (m, 2H). MS: 609 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)-1-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P148

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 352 mg scale of (S)-tert-butyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxyamino)pentanoate. P148 was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.80-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.42 (m, 4H). MS: 609 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenethyl)-1-hydroxyureido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: 149

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 87 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P149 (33 mg, 62%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 6.87-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.74-6.81 (m, 1H), 4.47-4.52 (m 1H), 4.16 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.35-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.01 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=428 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-Azido-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P150 precursor

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)pentanedioate (186 mg, 0.304 mmol) in methanol (3.0 mL) was 1H-imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.715 mmol), potassium carbonate (150 mg, 1.09 mmol), and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (3.5 mg, 0.014 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and water and the DCM layer was further deprotected with general condition to give P150 precursor (73.8 mg, 52%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 5.37-5.49 (m, 2H), 3.28 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.29 (m, 7H), 1.51-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.46 (m, 2H), 0.90 (td, J=7.4, 3.5 Hz, 6H). MS: m/z=470 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P150

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 8.5 mg scale of ((S)-2-(3-((S)-5-azido-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P150 (7.1 mg, 71%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 5.33-5.47 (m, 2H), 4.52 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.42 (m, 3H), 2.79-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.40 (m, 4H), 1.87-2.13 (m, 9H), 1.21-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.89 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=556 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-((2-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid: P151

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 2.5 mg scale of ((S)-2-(3-((S)-5-azido-1-carboxypentyl)-5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P151 (7.1 mg, 53%) was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 9.03 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J=9.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 5.31-5.44 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.39 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.72 (m, 6H), 2.43-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.39 (m, 4H), 1.89-2.05 (m, 6H), 1.20-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.88 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=779 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)-1-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P152

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. P152 was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.99-7.85 (m, 4H), 4.75-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.47 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.36 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.30 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.75-1.40 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=567 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)-2-cyanoguanidino)pentanedioic acid: P153

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. The crude product was examined with LC-MS, which shows a single peak with desired product mass. After HPLC purification, P153 (7.0 mg, 14%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.95 (m, 3H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.43 (m, 3H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 6H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=575 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-hydroxybutanamido)acetamido)pentanedioic acid: P154

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 95 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P149 (29 mg, 52%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.19-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.43-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.32 (s, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.17-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.89-2.08 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=385 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-fluorobenzamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P156

General experimental procedure for amide formation and removal of tert-butyl ester group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 105 mg scale. Product was purified on a HPLC purification system using water-acetonitrile with 0.05% TFA (30-65%) afforded the title compound (12 mg, 13%, in two steps). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.87-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.31-4.27 (dd, J=9.6, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.38-4.32 (m, 2H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.34 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=456 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((1S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(2-fluoropropanamido)benzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P157

General experimental procedure for Staudinger reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.008 g scale. After HPLC purification, P157 (5.0 mg, 41%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (dd, I=8.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.11 (qd, J=49.0, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (dd, J=10.0, 5.2, Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dd, J=9.2, 4.8, Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.59 (dd, J=24.4, 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.41-1.35 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=529.1 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(2-fluoropropanamido)benzamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P158

General experimental procedure for Staudinger reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.007 g scale. After HPLC purification, P158 (4.0 mg, 36%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.11 (qd, J=48.8, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J=9.2, 4.8, Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.59 (dd, J=24.0, 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.41-1.35 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=527.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)-N-methylpropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P159

General experimental procedures for amide formation, click chemistry, and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.45-8.43 (m, 1H), 8.06-7.93 (m, 4H), 5.52-5.42 (m, 1H), 5.04-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.46 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.13-2.62 (m, 5H), 2.42-2.25 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=507.8 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P160

General experimental procedure for amide formation of and removal of tert-butyl ester group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P160 (16 mg, 32%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79-7.77 (dd, J=6.8, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.01-6.99 (dd, J=6.8, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.79-4.77 (dd, J=5.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.67-4.65 (dd, J=5.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.21 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.58 (m, 3H), 1.52-1.46 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=486 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-fluoroethoxy)benzamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)-pentanedioic acid: P161

General experimental procedure for amide formation and removal of tert-butyl ester group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. Product was purified on a HPLC purification system using water-acetonitrile with 0.05% TFA (30-65%) afforded the amide-acid (16 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.80-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.99 (dd, J=6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.79-4.77 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.67-4.65 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.22 (m, 4H), 3.41-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.44 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.58 (m, 3H), 1.44-1.32 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=500 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-fluorobenzamido)pentyl)-1-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P162

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-buty deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m 2H), 4.80-4.75 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.25 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.45 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=458.1 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-2-(4-fluorobenzamido)-N-methylpropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P163

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.91-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.13 (m, 2H), 5.47-5.38 (m, 1H), 5.00-5.98 (m, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.99-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.03 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=398.2 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(6-fluoronicotinamido)benzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P164

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.015 g scale. After HPLC purification, P164 (6.3 mg, 48%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.78 (d, J=2.8, Hz, 1H), 8.48-8.43 (m, 4H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 4.71 (dd, J=8.0, 5.6, Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dd, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.54 (m, 4H), 1.47-1.41 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=578.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P166

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P166 was obtained. ¹H NMR (D₂O, 400 MHz) δ 7.64 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.41 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.16 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=505 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P167

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P167 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 6.92-6.89 (m, 2H), 4.72-4.50 (m, 3H), 4.24-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.32 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.54-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=502 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-ethynylbenzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P168

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P168 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 7.89-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.65 (m, 2H), 4.81-4.77 (m, 1H), 4.40 (dd, J=9.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 1H), 3.56-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.36 (m, 1H), 2.51 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.42 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=464 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-fluorobenzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P169

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P169 was obtained. ¹H NMR (D₂O, 400 MHz) δ 7.60-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.15 (dd, J=9.6, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.20 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=458 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-2-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)propanamido)-N-methylpropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P170

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.40 (m, 2H), 5.30-5.20 (m, 1H), 4.58-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.96-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.60-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.99 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=535.8 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-fluorobenzamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P171

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.02 g scale. After HPLC purification, P171 (12.0 mg, 68%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.99 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2, Hz, 2H), 7.81 (ABq, J_(AB)=9.2 Hz, 4H), 7.23 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.71 (dd, J=8.0, 5.6, Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dd, J=9.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.46-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.54 (m, 4H), 1.47-1.41 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=577.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-((2-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P172

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5.5 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-azido-1-carboxypentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P172 (3.3 mg, 32%) was isolated as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 9.03 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dd, J=9.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 4.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (dd, J=9.8, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.73 (m, 6H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.46 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.76-2.05 (m, 5H), 1.24-1.39 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=669 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P173

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5.5 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-azido-1-carboxypentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P173 (5.0 mg, 71%) was isolated as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 4.50-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.43 (m, 3H), 4.29 (dd, J=9.4, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.81-2.85 (m, 5H), 2.44-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.79-2.10 (m, 6H), 1.79-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.38 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=446 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((S)-3-Carboxy-2-(2-(2-(4-fluorobenzamido)ethoxy)acetamido)-N-methylpropanamido)pentanedioic acid: P174

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.92-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.18 (m, 2H), 5.39-5.28 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.80 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.25 (m, 3H), 2.15-2.00 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=499.8 (M+H⁺)

(9S,13S)-10-Methyl-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2,4,10,12-tetraazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P175

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioate (10.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added benzyl isocyanate (5.3 mg, 0.040 mmol) and triethylamine (10 μL, 0.072 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P175 (4.8 mg, 52%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.19-7.32 (m, 5H), 4.85-4.89 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.33 (m, 3H), 3.08-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.40 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=467 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-10-Methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3,11-dioxo-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P176

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioate (10.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (6.5 mg, 0.030 mmol) and triethylamine (10 μL, 0.072 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P176 (3.6 mg, 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.23 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.85-4.89 (m, 1H), 4.31 (dd, J=9.4, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.10-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.46 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.91-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.42 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=513 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P177

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioate (15.0 mg, 0.030 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added 4-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (8.8 mg, 0.045 mmol) and triethylamine (15 μL, 0.108 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and further deprotected with general condition to give P177 (8.0 mg, 55%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.70-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 4.79 (dd, J=11.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (dd, J=9.4, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.91 (m, 5H), 2.41-2.48 (m, 5H), 2.15-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.50 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=488 (M+H⁺).

To sulfurisocyanatidic chloride (141 mg, 1 mmol) in dry DCM (3.0 mL) was added benzyl alcohol (113 mg, 1.05 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. This mixture was added dropwise to a mixture of(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-aminopentanedioate HCl (296 mg, 1 mmol) in dry DCM (5.0 mL) and TEA (303 mg, 3 mmol) at rt. The reaction was stirred for 30 min and quenched by adding EtOAc (50 mL). It was washed with 0.5 M HCl (2×50 mL) and water (50 mL) and dried over MgSO₄. The crude product was purified by silica chromatography to afford (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-((N-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioate (305 mg, 64%) as a clear oil. MS: m/z=473 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((N-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P178

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P178 (13 mg, 60%) was obtained as a white fluffy solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 8.88 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 5H), 6.34 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.12 (dt, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.44-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.80 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=361 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((N-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)sulfamoyl)(hydroxy)amino)pentanedioic acid: P179

Similar experimental procedures to prepare P178 were used to synthesize P179. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz□□□δ 7.42-7.36 (m, 5H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.62 (dd, J=10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.50-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=377 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P180

Similar experimental procedures to prepare P178 were used to synthesize P180. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz□□□δ 7.42-7.31 (m, 5H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 4.58 (dd, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.02 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=377 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-((N-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioate was hydrogenated in MeOH for 2 h at rt and 1 atm in the presence of Pd/C. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(sulfamoylamino)pentanedioate as white solid (100%). MS: m/z=339 (M+H⁺). It was used directly in the next step without any further purification. It was then reacted with 4-(4-azidophenyl)butanoic acid under standard amide coupling condition to afford (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-((N-(4-(4-azidophenyl)butanoyl)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioate as a yellow oil (45%). MS: m/z=526 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((N-(4-(4-Azidophenyl)butanoyl)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P181

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. The reaction was carried out on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P181 (13 mg, 55%) was obtained as a white fluffy solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz□□□δ 7.26 (d, J=10 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (d, J=10 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (m, 2H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.22 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.42 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=414 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-fluoronicotinamido)pentyl)-3-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P182

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P182 was obtained. ¹H NMR (D₂O, 400 MHz□□□δ 8.69 (m, 1H), 8.38 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 4.77 (m, 1H), 4.38 (dd, J=9.2, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.51 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.28-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.44 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=459 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((N-(5-Azidopentanoyl)sulfamoyl)amino)pentanedioic acid: P183

Similar procedures for the preparation of P181 were used to synthesize P183. After HPLC purification, P183 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz□□□δ 9.26 (brs, 1H), 6.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.26 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.55 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=352 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-fluorobenzylamino)pentyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P184

To solution of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-tert-butoxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioate (15 mg, 0.030 mmol) in DCE (1.0 mL) was added 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (5.6 mg, 0.045 mmol), acetic acid (10 μL, 0.175 mmol), and sodium NaBH(OAc)₃ (32 mg, 0.151 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and further deprotected with general condition to give P184 (4.8 mg, 86%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz): δ 8.11 (br. s., 1H), 7.69 (br. s., 1H), 7.48-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.19 (m, 2H), 5.80 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (dd, J=10.2, 5.5 Hz, 2H), 4.07-4.21 (m, 4H), 2.92-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.13-1.31 (m, 1H). MS: 442 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3′,6′-diacetoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-6-ylcarboxamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P185

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. P185 (2.0 mg, 6%) was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/z=762 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(2-fluoropropanamido)benzamido)pentyl)-1-hydroxyureido)pentanedioic acid: P186

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. P186 was obtained as a white solid. MS: 529 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Methyl 2-amino-3-(1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)propanoate

General experimental procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 272 mg scale. He crude product was examined with LC-MS, which shows a single peak with desired product mass. MS: m/z=217 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-Methyl 9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-13-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazatetradecan-14-oate

Triphosgene (0.159 g, 0.536 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)-tert-butyl 2-amino-6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate hydrochloride (0.4 g, 1.073 mmol) and Triethylamine (1.495 ml, 10.73 mmol) in DCM (Volume: 3 ml) at 0° C. Let the reaction stir for 15 minutes. Added (S)-methyl 2-amino-3-(1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)propanoate (0.232 g, 1.073 mmol) in 1 mL DCM to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 minutes. Let the reaction warm to room temperature. Diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. Separated layers, combined organics, dried with MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purified by prep HPLC to afford (9S,13S)-methyl 9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-13-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazatetradecan-14-oate (0.12 g, 19.33%). MS: m/z=579 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-9-Carboxy-13-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazatetradecan-14-oic acid: P187

Hydrogen chloride (1 ml, 4.00 mmol) 4M in dioxanes was added to (9S,13S)-methyl 9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-13-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazatetradecan-14-oate (0.05 g). Added Water (0.5 ml) to the reaction mixture and the solution became hot. Stirred for 1 hour. Purified by prep HPLC to afford P187 (7.0 mg, 16%). ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.36 (m, 5H), 5.84 (m, 2H), 5.73 (m, 1H), 5.04 (m, 4H), 4.84 (m, 1H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.35 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=509 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentyl)ureido)-pentanedioic acid: P188

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.015 g scale. After HPLC purification, P188 (12 mg, 42%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.78 (s, 1H), 4.52 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J=8.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.37 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=432.1 (M+H⁺).

3-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-(phosphonomethyl)propanoic acid: P189

Hydrobromic acid (1.314 μl, 0.024 mmol) and benzyl 3-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-2-((4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)propanoate (0.01 g, 0.024 mmol) were stirred for 3 hours. Concentrated and purified by PREP HPLC to afford P189 (2.0 mg, 28%). MS: m/z=296 (M+H⁺).

2-((1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-phosphonopropanoic acid: P190

Hydrobromic acid 48% (0.5 mL, 9.21 mmol) and benzyl 3-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-2-((4-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)propanoate (0.06 g, 0.141 mmol) were stirred for 2 hours. Concentrated and purified by PREP HPLC to afford P190 (5.0 mg, 2%). MS: m/z=236 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-butanamido)phenyl)-ethyl)-3-methylureido)pentanedioic acid: P191

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P191 (2.4 mg. 49%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.80 (br s, 1H), 7.44-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.52-4.38 (m, 5H), 4.21 (br m, 1H), 3.28-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.16-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.76 (m, 5H), 2.42-2.22 (br m, 7H), 2.00-1.80 (br m, 3H). MS: m/z=565 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-Methyl 9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-13-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazatetradecan-14-oate

General experimental procedure for urea formation was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.2 g scale. The title compound (110 mg, 17%) was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/z=490.1 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13S)-9-Carboxy-13-((1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-3,11-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazatetradecan-14-oic acid: P192

General experimental procedures for click chemistry and tert-butyl and Me deprotection were followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.011 g scale. After HPLC purification, P192 (60 mg, 51%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.23 (s, 2H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.61-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.09 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.39 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=521.1 (M+H⁺).

2-(((2-(2-(2-(2-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P193

General experimental procedures for click chemistry and tert-butyl and Me deprotection were followed. After HPLC purification, P193 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 5.88 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.83 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 5.76 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (m, 2H), 5.18 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.95-4.87 (m, 9H), 4.60-4.58 (m, 4H), 4.12 (t, J=7.6 Hz, H), 3.73-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.10 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=514 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-((3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)propanamido)methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P194

General experimental procedure for Boc-deprotection was followed. MS: m/z=768.4 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P195

General experimental procedure for deprotection of Me and t-Bu ester with HCl/dioxane reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.05 g scale. After HPLC purification, P195 (10 mg, 25%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=9.2, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (dd, J=8.8, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.52-4.47 (m, 2H), 4.40-4.34 (m, 3H), 4.29-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.16-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.90-1.81 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=510 (M+H⁺).

3-(N-(2-Fluoroethyl)acetamido)-2-(phosphonomethyl)propanoic acid: P196

Hydrobromic acid 48% (0.013 ml, 0.231 mmol) and benzyl 3-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-2-((N-(2-fluoroethyl)acetamido)methyl)propanoate (0.09 g, 0.231 mmol) were stirred for 1 hour. Concentrated and purified by PREP HPLC to afford P196 (3.0 mg, 5%). MS: m/z=272 (M+H⁺).

2-((Hydroxy(phenethylamino)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P197

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.32-7.13 (m, 5H), 3.50-3.45 (s, 1H), 3.42-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.65 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=330.1 (M+H⁺).

2,2′-[(3,4-Dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl)]dipentanedioic acid: P198

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P198 (3.1 mg, 16%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 4.73-4.82 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.42 (m, 4H), 2.02-2.20 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=373 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-[(R)-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-carboxypropanamido]pentanedioic acid: P199

General procedures for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P199 (9.1 mg, 27%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.57 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.42-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.24 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.87-2.20 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=485 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-(3-(4-azidophenyl)thioureido)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

General procedures for urea formation reaction were followed. The crude product was purified on column (silica gel, hexanes/EtoAc) to give the title compound as a yellow wax (40 mg, 60%). MS: m/z=664 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)thioureido)pentyl)-ureido)pentanedioic acid: P200

General procedures for click chemistry and tert-butyl deprotection reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P200 (12 mg, 50%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H), 4.56 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.26 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=582 (M+H⁺).

To (S)-tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.5 mmol), (5-(benzyloxy)-2-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-5-oxopentyl)phosphinic acid (180 mg, 0.46 mmol), and DMAP (11 mg, 0.09 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) was added DCC (284 mg, 1.38 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h. It was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc) to afford phosphinic acid as a clear wax (150 mg, 56%). MS: m/z=574 (M+H⁺).

Dibenzyl 2-(((((S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)-pentanedioate

To above phosphinic acid in a mixed solvent of dioxane (3.0 mL) and water (0.6 mL) was added NaIO₄ (84 mg, 0.39 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 5 h and then diluted with MeCN (3 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound as a white fluffy solid (100 mg, 65%). MS: m/z=590 (M+H⁺).

2-(((((S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)-pentanedioic acid: P201

General experimental procedure for the removal of benzyl group was followed. After HPLC purification, P201 (7.0 mg, 85%) was obtained. MS: m/z=410 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-(1-Carboxy-2-(4-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P202

General experimental procedure for deprotection of Me and t-Bu ester with HCl/dioxane reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.09 g scale. After HPLC purification, P202 (10 mg, 25%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.11 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (dd, J=8.8, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.52-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.40-4.34 (m, 3H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.96 (m, 3H), 1.90-1.81 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=510 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(2-(2-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P203

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P203 (3.0, 8%) was obtained. MS: m/z=598 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(Benzyloxy)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P204

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 570 mg scale of (S)-tert-butyl 2-amino-3-(benzyloxy)propanoate. After HPLC purification, P204 (1.8 mg, 43% in two steps) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.25-7.35 (m, 5H), 4.51-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.46 (t, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (dd, J=8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (dd, J=9.4, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (dd, J=9.4, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.36-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.94 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=369 (M+H⁺).

2-((Hydroxy(((S)-1-(2-phenylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P205

Similar procedures for the preparation of P207 were used to synthesize P205. After HPLC purification, P205 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 7.33-7.23 (m, 5H), 4.30-4.4.05 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.37 (m, 5H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.32 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.56 (m, 6H), 1.35 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=569 (M+H⁺).

2-(((((S)-1-(3-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)propanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P206

Similar procedures for the preparation of P207 were used to synthesize P206. After HPLC purification, P206 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD/CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 2H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.59 (m, 1H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.58 (m, 3H), 3.08-2.85 (m, 5H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.11 (m, 4H), 1.63-1.52 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=569 (M+H⁺).

Dibenzyl 2-((hydroxy((S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioate

General procedure for the removal tert-butyl group was followed. The crude product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. MS: m/z=490 (M+H⁺).

2-(((((S)-1-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P207

General procedures for click chemistry and debenzylation reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P207 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD/CD₃CN, 400 MHz) δ 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 4.58-4.44 (m, 4H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.11 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.62 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=583 (M+H⁺).

(10R,14S)-3,8,12-Trioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,9,13-triazahexadecane-10,14,16-tricarboxylic acid: P208

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P208 (2.2 mg, 19%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.21-7.39 □m, 5H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.4.48 (m, 1H), 3.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.84 (m, 2H) □□□MS: m/z=482 (M+H⁺).

(12R,16S)-3,10,14-Trioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,11,15-triazaoctadecane-12,16,18-tricarboxylic acid: P209

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P209 (3.3 mg, 21%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.21-7.39 (m, 5H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.68-4.76 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.10 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.889 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.41 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=510 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P210

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P210 (8.1 mg, 42%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.28-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.02 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.69-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.48 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.98 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=399 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)butanamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P211

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P211 (3.6 mg, 37%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.17-7.23 (m, 2H), 6.97 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.51-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.47 (m, 1H), 2.85 (dd, J=15.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (dd, J=15.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.97 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=427 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)ureido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P212

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 7.5 mg scale of(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(3-(4-azidophenyl)thioureido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P212 (1.2 mg, 14%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.20 (m, 2H), 4.44-4.59 (m, 3H), 4.29 (dd, J=8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.89-3.02 (m, 3H), 2.34-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.18 (m, 3H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=600 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(6-fluoronicotinamido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P213

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P213 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.33 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.46 (m, 1H), 4.89-4.99 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.49 (m, 1H), 2.99 (dd, J=15.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (dd, J=15.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.99 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=386 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(3-phenethylureido)propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P214

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P214 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.15-7.31 (m, 5H), 4.59 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.83 (m, 4H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.99 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=410 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-benzamido)-phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P215

General procedure for click chemistry and tert-butyl ester group deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 50 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P215 (23 mg, 35% in two steps) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.60-4.54 (m, 2H), 4.47 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.28 (dd, J=8.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.17-3.12 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.05-2.99 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.07 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.84 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=585 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(4-Azidobenzamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P215 Precursor

General procedure for amide coupling was followed on ureaamine-tbutyl ester. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P215 Precursor (6.0 mg, 25%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.98-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 4H), 4.55 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.16-3.08 (m, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J=13.6, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.81 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=499 [M+H⁺].

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-ethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxy)acetamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P216

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P216 (4 mg, 35%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.47 (dd, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.55-4.46 (m, 4H), 4.37 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.27 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 2H), 3.81 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.61 (m, 7H), 3.15-3.10 (dd, J=14.0, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.02-2.96 (dd, J=14.0, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 2.76 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.82 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=655 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-acetamido)-phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P217

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 4.6 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P217 (3 mg, 55%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 10.22 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.47 (dd, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 4.54-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.42 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.26 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.08 (dd, J=12.0, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.01-2.96 (dd, J=12.0, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=523 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxo-6-thioureidohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

To a mixture of 1 (97 mg, 0.2 mmol) and di(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methanethione (35 mg, 0.2 mmol) in THF (2.0 mL) was added DIPEA (26 mg, 0.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 5 h and then quenched by adding ammonia solution (2 M in MeOH, 3.0 mL). The mixture was stirred for 15 h at rt and concentrated. The residue was purified chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to afford (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxo-6-thioureidohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate as a yellow wax (75 mg, 68%). MS: m/z=547 (M+H⁺).

(S)-Di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-((4-(4-azidophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate

A mixture of above compound and 1-(4-azidophenyl)-2-bromoethanone (33 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dry EtOH (2.0 mL) was stirred at rt for 15 h. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to afford (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-((4-(4-azidophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate as a yellow solid (38 mg, 42%). MS: m/z=688 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P218

General experimental procedures for click chemistry and tert-butyl deprotection reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P218 (14 mg, 60%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.00-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.83 (m, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.58 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.38 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.96-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.58-1.50 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=606 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P219

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P219 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.30 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.73-4.79 (m, 1H), 4.52 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.41-4.48 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.93 (m, 4H), 2.69-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.15 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=536 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-propanamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P220

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P220 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.30 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.71-4.75 (m, 1H), 4.50 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.39-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.00 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.77-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.22 (m, 3H), 1.84-1.96 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=522 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)propanamido)-pentanedioic acid: P221

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P221 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.45 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.93-5.01 (m, 1H), 4.52 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.42-4.51 (m, 1H), 2.84-3.05 (m, 4H), 2.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.25 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=494 (M+H⁺).

((S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(4-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P222

General experimental procedure for urea formation and d tert-butyl protection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 15 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-3-(4-(4-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P222 (4.2 mg, 36%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 7H), 7.02-7.07 (m, 2H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.42 (dd, J=6.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.37-3.51 (m, 8H), 2.96-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.81 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=600 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((Carbonylbis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P223

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 45 mg scale of(S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification. P223 (15 mg, 47%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.34 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.17 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 4H), 4.52 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.05-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.93-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.48 (m, 4H), 2.07-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.93 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=733 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-((4-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)oxy)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P224

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale of 1-benzyl 4-((S)-3-(tert-butoxy)-2-(3-((S)-1,5-di-tert-butoxy-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl)ureido)-3-oxopropyl) piperazine-1,4-dicarboxylate. After HPLC purification. P224 (4.8 mg, 63%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.30-7.38 (m, 5H), 5.09-5.16 (m, 2H), 4.61 (t, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.43 (m, 3H), 3.47 (br. s., 8H), 2.34-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.94 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=525 (M+H⁺).

2-(((2-(1-(3-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)propanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P225

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P225 was obtained. MS: m/z=596.9 (M+H⁺)

2-((((1-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P226

Similar procedures for the preparation of P207 were used to synthesize P226. After HPLC purification, P226 was obtained. MS: m/z=597 (M+H⁺)

2-(((2-(1-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)methyl)pentanedioic acid: P227

General experimental procedure for tert-butyl deprotection was followed. After HPLC purification, P227 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 4.44-4.33 (m, 4H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.39 (m, 10H), 1.20-1.01 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=568.9 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)propanamido)-pentanedioic acid: P228

General experimental procedures for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P228 (3.3 mg, 20%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.81 (s, 1H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.75-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.47 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.39-4.50 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.92 (m, 4H), 2.41 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.31 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=432 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-(4-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)-3-carboxypropanamido)-pentanedioic acid: P229

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P229 (2.3 mg, 13%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.32-7.41 (m, 5H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 4.58-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.40 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.58 (m, 8H), 2.81-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.97 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=432 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-(1-Carboxy-2-(1-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butanoyl)-piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P230

General experimental procedures for urea formation, amide formation, click chemistry, and tert-butyl deprotection reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P230 was obtained. MS: m/z=619 (M+H⁺).

2-((S)-4-((1-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)butano)piperidin)-4-yl)methyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P231

General procedures for the preparation of P230 were followed. After HPLC purification, P231 was obtained. MS: m/z=601 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P232

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.75-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.31-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.71 (m, 5H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=497.2 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P233

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.24 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 4.33-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.39 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.55 (m, 5H), 1.52-1.47 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=524.9 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-(Benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido) pentanedioic acid: P234

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz), δ: 8.00-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 3H), 4.32-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.56-1.54 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=535.8 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)-pentanedioic acid: P235

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz), δ: 7.18 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 2H), 4.32-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.74 (m, 5H), 1.56-1.54 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=523.2 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino)pentyl)ureido)-pentanedioic acid: P236

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz), δ: 8.34 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 4.35-4.33 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.55 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=514.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P237

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 7.2 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(4-(2-azidoacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P237 (5.0 mg, 60%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.27-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.18 (m, 2H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 4.50-4.56 (m, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J=8.6, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.64-3.71 (m, 6H), 3.56-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.97 (dd, J=13.7, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.83-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.17 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.91 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=635 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P238

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 16.0 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1 S,1′S)-(((5-azidoisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))-dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P238 (8.7 mg, 49%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.52-8.67 (m, 4H), 7.68 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 4H), 7.26-7.30 (m, 4H), 4.47-4.62 (m, 4H), 4.30 (dd, J=8.6, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.12-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.94-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.09-2.22 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=964 (M+H⁺).

(9R,13S)-3,7,11-Trioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,8,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P239

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P239 (5.5 mg, 21%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.25-7.41 (m, 5H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.70-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.39 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.97 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=468 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl)amino)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P240

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6 mg scale. After HPLC purification system P240 (3.8 mg, 55%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.09 (dd, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.89-7.87 (dd, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.64-7.62 (dd, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 2H), 4.60-4.46 (m, 3H), 4.31-4.28 (dd, J=8.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.16-3.09 (m, 1H), 3.04-3.00 (dd, J=14.4, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=640 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-fluorobenzamido)-phenyl)-phenyl)ethyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic acid: P241

General procedure for amide coupling and t-butyl group deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on 45 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P241 (33 mg, 99%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.99-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 4H), 4.55 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.27 (dd, J=8.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.16-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.99 (dd, J=16.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=4.76 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((5-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2-nitrophenyl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P242

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 100 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P242 (10 mg, 13%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.07 (m, 1H), 6.46 (m, 1H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 4.75 (m, 4H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.54 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=584 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(3-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)propanamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P243

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P243 (4.3 mg, 38%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.83 (s, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.73-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.48 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.38-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.56 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.88 (m, 4H), 2.36-2.52 (m, 4H), 1.88-2.24 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=503 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P244

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.44 (m, 3H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 5.34 (s, 2H), 4.56-4.30 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.88-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.65 (m, 5H), 1.60-1.55 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=663.1 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-((R)-3-Carboxy-3-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)propanamido)-propanamido)pentanedioic acid: P245

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P245 (7.2 mg, 21%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.44 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H). 4.72-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.52 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.38-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.58-72 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.54-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.03-2.21 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=565 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P246

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 7.8 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1 S,1′S)-((5-azidoisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P246 (5.0 mg, 58%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.76 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 8.43-8.52 (m, 3H), 8.33-8.41 (m, 1H), 4.60 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (m, 4H), 3.42-3.49 (m, 4H), 2.92-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.47 (m, 4H), 2.05-2.22 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.63-1.78 (m, 6H), 1.45-1.61 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=896 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(6-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P247

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 25 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P247 (3.0 mg, 15%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 6.86 (m, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.63 (m, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.77 (m, 2H), 4.66 (m, 3H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.37 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=580 (M+H⁺)

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P248

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 25.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(4-(4-azidobenzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P248 (19.0 mg, 67%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.97-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.46-4.60 (m, 3H), 4.28 (dd, J=8.6, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (br. s., 2H), 3.66 (br. s., 3H), 3.57 (br. s., 3H), 3.04-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.91-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.32-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.20 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.95 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=697 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-(4-Azidobenzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)-1-carboxypentyl)-ureido)pentanedioic acid: P249 Precursor

General procedure for amide coupling and t-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on 88 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P-249 Precursor (39 mg, 46%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.49-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.15 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.55 (br in, 8H), 3.17 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.38 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=577 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)-piperizine-1-carboxamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P249

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P249 (9 mg, 78%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.98-7.96 (dd, J=6.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.65 (dd, J=6.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.58 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.52 (br m, 2H), 3.56-3.42 (br m, 6H), 3.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.92 ((t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.44-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.40 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=663 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(1-((4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)carbamothioyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P250

The compound P250 was synthesized using the same procedures for the preparation of P200. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 2H), 4.86-4.75 (m, 2H), 4.58 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 3H), 1096-1.73 (m, 5H), 1.67-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.24 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=608 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((5-(2-(2-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-2-nitrophenyl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P251

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 40 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P251 (9.0 mg, 28%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 6.23 (m, 1H), 4.53 (m, 2H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.29 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.63 (m, 4H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 3H), 1.54 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=700 (M+H⁺)

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((3R,3′R)-3,3′-((3,3′-((5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(propanoyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(3-carboxypropanoyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P252

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 12.7 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((3R,3′R)-3,3′-((3,3′-((5-azidoisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(propanoyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(3-carboxypropanoyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P252 (9.6 mg, 69%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.46-8.50 (m, 3H), 8.37-8.41 (m, 1H), 4.82 (dd, J=7.8, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.59 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd, J=9.0, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.67-3.78 (m, 4H), 2.78-2.97 (m, 6H), 2.53-2.68 (m, 4H), 2.37 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 2.07-2.21 (m, 4H), 1.84-1.94 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=924 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(3-carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P253

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 3.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(4-(3-azido-5-carboxybenzamido)phenyl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P253 (2.5 mg, 71%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.63-8.68 (m, 3H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 7.67 (m, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (m, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.55-4.62 (m, 2H), 4.48 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (dd, J=8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.11-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.93-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.33-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.22 (m, 3H), 1.83-1.94 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=629 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-(1-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-oxo-6,9,12,15-tetraoxa-3-azaoctadecanamido)phenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)pentyl)ureido)-pentanedioic acid: P254

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz), δ 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.22 (m, 3H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.36 (m, 14H), 3.33-3.15 (m, 4H), 2.59-2.51 (m, 4H), 2.29-2.27 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.52 (m, 8H), 1.28-1.24 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=910.2 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-Carboxy-1-(3-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butanamido)-henyl)propan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P255

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on 8.10 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P255 (6.5 mg. 68%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.59-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.44 (m, 3H), 4.39 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.32 (dd, J=8.0 and 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) 2.46-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.30-2.12 (m, 3H), 2.08-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.54 (s, 3H); MS: m/z=565 (M+H⁺), 587 (M+Na⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-Carboxy-1-(3-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-phenyl)propan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P256

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10.5 mg scale. After HPLC purification P256 (10.5 mg, 84%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.54 (dd, J=8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 4.52 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.33 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.20 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) 2.44-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.94-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.53 (s, 3H); MS: m/z=537 (M+H⁺, 559 (M+Na⁺).

2-((S)-4-((1-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pentanedioic acid: P257

General experimental procedures for click chemistry and the deprotection of the tert-butyl group were followed. After HPLC purification, P257 was obtained. MS: m/z=559 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(4-(1-(14-Amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P258

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 20 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P258 (3.0 mg, 19%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.80 (m, 4H) 4.56 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m, 2H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.50 (m, 13H), 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=710 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3-carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P259

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(3-azido-5-carboxybenzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P259 (2.0 mg, 34%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.84 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.60-8.62 (m, 1H), 8.49-8.57 (m, 3H), 4.59 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.34 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.52 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.20 (m, 3H), 1.82-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.46-1.57 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=595 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3-(diethylcarbamoyl)-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P260

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 7.0 mg scale of (S)-2-(3-((S)-5-(3-azido-5-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzamido)-1-carboxypentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P260 (4.3 mg, 53%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.42 (t, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (t, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.34 (m, 2H), 3.60 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.33-3.48 (m, 4H), 2.91-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.20 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.43-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.30 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.17 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=650 (M+H⁺).

(3S,7S,14S,23S,27S)-14-(2-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-5,13,17,25-tetraoxo-4,6,12,18,24,26-hexaazanonacosane-1,3,7,23,27,29-hexacarboxylic acid: P261

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 3.6 mg scale of (3 S,7S,14S,23 S,27S)-14-(2-azidoacetamido)-5,13,17,25-tetraoxo-4,6,12,18,24,26-hexaazanonacosane-1,3,7,23,27,29-hexacarboxylic acid. After HPLC purification, P261 (2.5 mg, 63%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 5.21 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 2H), 4.53 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.36 (m, 5H), 3.11-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.84 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.35-2.47 (m, 4H), 2.23-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.19 (m, 4H), 1.74-2.05 (m, 6H), 1.46-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.33-1.46 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=919 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P262

General procedure for “click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P262 (2.0 mg. 35%) was obtained; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.58 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (dt, J=19.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.58 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.17 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) 2.44-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.06 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.38 (m, 8H); MS: m/z 707 (M+H⁺) and 729 (M+Na⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((4,4′-(5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-isophthaloyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P263

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 22 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P263 (6.0 mg. 25%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (t, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.22 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.74 (m, 4H), 3.58-3.40 (m, 12H), 3.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 2.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) 2.46-2.34 (m, 4H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.38 (m, 8H). MS: m/z=1120 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((4,4′-(5-Azidoisophthaloyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))-bis(azanediyl))-bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P-263 Precursor

General procedure for amide coupling and t-butyl ester deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on 67 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P-263 Precursor (44 mg, 44%) was obtained; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (d, J=1.20 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 2H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 4H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.25 (m, 14H), 3.17 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 2.46-2.34 (m, 4H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.79 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.38 (m, 10H). MS: m/z=1234 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(4-(3-(diethylcarbamoyl)-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P264

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on 14 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P264 (3.0 mg, 19%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.05-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.54 (t, J=4.0 Hz, H), 4.58 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.74 (br, 2H), 3.62-3.40 (m, 9H), 3.30-3.38 (m, 4H), 3.17 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.44-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.28 and 1.17 (t each, J=8.0 Hz, 3H). MS: m/z=762 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((6-fluoro-3-nitropyridin-2-yl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P265

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation and deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30.0 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-6-amino-1-(tert-butoxy)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P265 (14.7 mg, 52%) was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.58 (dd, J=8.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (dd, J=8.8, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.34 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.63 (m, 2H), 2.40 (ddd, J=8.6, 6.8, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=460 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((1)-1-Carboxy-5-((5-(3-(3-(((S)-5-carboxy-5-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)pentyl)amino)-4-nitrophenoxy)-2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propoxy)-2-nitrophenyl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P266

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 45 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P266 (6.0 mg, 12%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.05 (m, 3H), 6.32 (m, 2H), 6.24 (m, 2H), 5.42 (m, 1H), 4.70 (m, 4H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.31 (m, 4H), 3.33 (m, 4H), 2.81 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 4H), 2.15 (m, 4H), 1.88 (m, 4H), 1.72 (m, 6H), 1.52 (m, 5H). MS: m/z=1080 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(3-(((S)-5-carboxy-5-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)pentyl)carbamoyl)-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P267

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.06 g scale. After HPLC purification, P267 (10 mg, 22%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 8.56 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.51 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.60 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (dd, J=6.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (ddd, J=12.4, 8.4, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.48-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.03 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.36 (m, 4H), 2.21-2.08 (m, 4H), 1.93-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.69 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.51 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=930.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3-(((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)carbamoyl)-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P268

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.06 g scale. After HPLC purification, P268 (10 mg, 23%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) 8.48 (d, J=1.2, 3H), 8.40 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (dd, J=5.2, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.27 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.94 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.52 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.50 (m, 3H), 2.21-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.50 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=724.1 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((6-fluoro-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P269

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 8.0 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-((6-fluoro-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)amino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P269 (3.2 mg, 54%) was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.11-8.21 (m, 1H), 6.38 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.33 (m, 2H), 3.41 (br. s., 2H), 2.34-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.44-1.53 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=460 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S,2″S)-2,2′,2″-(((((1S,1′S,1″S)-((6,6′,6″-((Nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(azanediyl))tris(3-nitropyridine-6,2-diyl))tris(azanediyl))tris(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))tris(azanediyl))tris(carbonyl))tris(azanediyl))tripentanedioic acid: P270

General experimental procedure for N-alkylation and deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30.0 mg scale of (S)-di-tert-butyl 2-(3-((S)-1-(tert-butoxy)-6-((6-fluoro-3-nitropyridin-2-yl)amino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)ureido)pentanedioate. After HPLC purification, P270 (13.5 mg, 58%) was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 3H), 5.89 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 3H), 4.22-4.33 (m, 6H), 3.85-4.01 (m, 6H), 3.72 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 6H), 3.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 6H), 2.35-2.47 (m, 6H), 2.09-2.19 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.95 (m, 6H), 1.59-1.73 (m, 9H), 1.42-1.52 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=1464 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-((6-((2-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P271

General experimental procedures for click chemistry and the deprotection of the tert-butyl group were followed. After HPLC purification, P271 was obtained. MS: m/z=612 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(1-(3-(4-((S)-2-carboxy-2-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido)ethyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P272

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on 5.0 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P272 (4.0 mg, 60/o) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 2H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 4.54-4.51 (m, 4H), 4.48-4.15 (m, 6H), 3.76-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.20-1.60 (m, 15H), 1.46-1.00 (m, 3H). MS: m/z=948 (M+H⁺), 970 (M+H⁺+Na).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-2-(1-(3-Azido-5-(4-((S)-2-carboxy-2-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido)ethyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)benzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1-carboxyethyl)-ureido)pentanedioic acid: P272 Precursor

General experimental procedure for amide formation and methyl ester deprotection using 2M HCl at 40° C. for 4 h was followed. Reaction was performed on 80 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P272 Precursor (23 mg, 34%, in two steps) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.07 (s, 3H), 4.52-4.49 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.15 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.26 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.46 (m, 15H), 1.30-1.00 (m, 3H); MS: m/z=862 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((6,6′-((((2-(2-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)ethyl)azanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(3-nitropyridine-6,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P273

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 7.6 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S, 1′S)-((6,6′-((((2-(2-azidoacetamido)ethyl)azanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(3-nitropyridine-6,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P273 (2.5 mg, 30%) was obtained as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz) δ 7.80 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 2H), 5.81 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 2H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.51 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.98-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.32-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.22 (br. s., 2H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 6H), 2.16-2.33 (m, 4H), 1.85-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.42-1.56 (m, 6H), 1.22-1.32 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=1194 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((4,4′-(5-(2-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)isophthaloyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P274

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 5.0 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1 S,1′S)-(((4,4′-(5-(2-azidoacetamido)isophthaloyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))-dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P274 (2.1 mg, 39%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.31 (m, 5H), 7.15 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 4H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 4.50-4.56 (m, 3H), 4.43 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (br. s., 4H), 3.65 (br. s., 4H), 3.54 (br. s., 8H), 3.09 (dd, J=13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (dd, J=13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.43 (m, 4H), 2.01-2.16 (m, 4H), 1.81-1.91 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=1245 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((4,4′-(5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P275

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6.0 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((4,4′-(5-azidoisophthaloyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P275 (2.0 mg, 31%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (t, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.13-7.18 (m, 4H), 4.45-4.60 (m, 4H), 4.28 (dd, J=8.6, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (br. s., 4H), 3.68 (br. s., 4H), 3.57 (br. s., 8H), 3.06-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.43 (m, 4H), 2.03-2.20 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.92 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=1188 (M+H⁺).

(3S,7S,23S,27S)-15-(2-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)-5,13,17,25-tetraoxo-4,6,12,18,24,26-hexaazanonacosane-1,3,7,23,27,29-hexacarboxylic acid: P276

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P276 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.83 (s, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.50-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.47 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.21-4.56 (m, 3H), 3.06-3.28 (m, 4H), 2.84 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.32-2.56 (m, 8H), 1.98-2.22 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.96 (m, 12H). MS: m/z=919 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((1S)-1-Carboxy-5-((5-(3-(3-(((S)-5-carboxy-5-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)pentyl)amino)-4-nitrophenoxy)-2-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)propoxy)-2-nitrophenyl)amino)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P277

General experimental procedure for the deprotection of the tert-butyl group was followed. Reaction was performed on a 30 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P277 (7 mgs, 30%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 6.28 (m, 4H), 4.83 (m, 5H), 4.72 (m, 2H), 4.66 (m, 1H), 4.29 (m, 8H), 3.33 (m, 4H), 2.38 (m, 4H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 4H), 1.71 (m, 5H), 1.53 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=1096 (M+H⁺).

(3S,7S,23S,27S)-15-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)-5,13,17,25-tetraoxo-4,6,12,18,24,26-hexaazanonacosane-1,3,7,23,27,29-hexacarboxylic acid: P278

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P278 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.44 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.69-4.86 (m, 1H), 4.51 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.13-4.33 (m, 4H), 3.04-3.24 (m, 4H), 2.91 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.64 (m, 4H), 2.32-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.02-2.19 (m, 4H), 1.68-1.94 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.66 (m, 10H). MS: m/z=981 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-3-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)oxazol-2-yl)propyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P279

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P279 was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.37 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.38-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.33 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.46 (m, 3H), 2.05-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=465 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′(((((1S,1′S)(((4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-benzamido)-heptanedioyl)-bis(azanediyl))-bis(4,1-phenylene))-bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))-bis(azanediyl))-bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))-dipentanedioic acid: P280

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on 5.0 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P280 (4.0 mg, 74%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.21 (br d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 4H), 7.01 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 4H), 4.57 (t, J=5.60 Hz, 2H), 4.46-4.43 (m, 4H), 4.28-4.22 (m, 3H), 3.72-3.68 (m, 6H), 3.05-2.99 (dd, J=13.6 and 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.31 (m, 6H), 2.18-1.96 (m, 5H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=1078 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((4-(4-Azidobenzamido)-heptanedioyl)-bis(azanediyl))-bis(4,1-phenylene))-bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))-bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P280 Precursor

General procedure for amide coupling and t-butyl ester deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on 81 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P280 Precursor (30 mg, 48%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.04 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.40 Hz, 4H), 7.03 (d, J=8.40 Hz, 4H), 6.97-6.93 (m, 2H), 4.41 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (dd, J=8.4, 4.80 Hz, 4H), 4.15-4.05 (m, 1H), 2.92 (dd, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (dd, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.21 (m, 8H), 2.08-1.70 (m, 8H). MS: m/z=862 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((4,4′-(4-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)heptanedioyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1diyl))-bis(azanediyl))-bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))-dipentanedioic acid: P281

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on 5.0 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P281 (3.5 mg. 65%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.04-7.95 (m, 4H), 4.56 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.23 (m, 4H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.22 (m, 16H), 3.15-3.10 m, 4H), 2.9 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.58-2.34 (m, 8H), 2.19-1.77 (m, 8H), 1.70-1.36 (m, 9H). MS: m/z=1233 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-((((((1S,1′S)-((4,4′-(4-(4-Azidobenzamido)heptanedioyl)bis(piperazine-1,1′-carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))-bis(azanediyl))-bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P281 Precursor

General procedure for amide coupling and t-butyl ester deprotection was followed. Reaction was performed on 94 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P281 Precursor (28 mg, 39%, in two steps) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.89-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.14 (m, 2H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 4H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.48 (m, 8H), 3.44-3.36 (m, 4H), 3.28-3.12 (m, 6H), 3.58-3.36 (m, 7H), 2.18-1.78 (m, 9H), 1.70-1.38 (m, 9H). MS: m/z=1147 (M+H⁺).

(3S,7S,25S,29S)-16-(4-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)-5,13,19,27-tetraoxo-4,6,12,20,26,28-hexaazahentriacontane-1,3,7,25,29,31-hexacarboxylic acid: P282

General procedure for “click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on 8.4 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P282 (4.8 mg, 52%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.06-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.94 (m, 2H), 4.56 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.20 (m, 4H), 4.14-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.02 (m, 4H), 2.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.22 (m, 8H), 2.18-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.74 (m, 8H), 1.68-1.30 (m, 9H). MS: m/z=1010 (M+H⁺).

(3S,7S,25S,29S)-16-(4-Azidobenzamido)-5,13,19,27-tetraoxo-4,6,12,20,26,28-hexaazahentriacontane-1,3,7,25,29,31-hexacarboxylic acid: P282 Precursor

General procedure for amide coupling and removal of tert-butyl ester was followed. Reaction was performed on 76 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P282 Precursor (37 mg, 64%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.89-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.21 (m, 4H), 4.10-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.01 (m, 4H), 2.39-2.05 (m, 9H), 1.97-1.71 (m, 8H), 1.67-1.33 (m, 9H). MS: m/z=923 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((5-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P283

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 7.0 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((5-(2-azidoacetamido)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P283 (3.3 mg, 43%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.15 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (t, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 4.55 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.32 (m, 4H), 3.33-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.87 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.94 (m, 4H), 1.59-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.44-1.55 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=953 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(1-(3-carboxy-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P284

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P284 (4.0 mg, 35%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.55-8.54 (m, 1H), 8.50 (br s, 1H), 8.12-8.11 (m, 1H), 8.07 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.66-4.60 (m, 2H), 4.57 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.40-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.64 (m, 1H), 2.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H) 2.42-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.55 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.10 (m, 1H). MS: m/z=621 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((4-(3-((4-((S)-2-Carboxy-2-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)ethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-4-(5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentanamido)heptanedioyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P285

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 10.0 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S, 1′S)-(((4-(5-azidopentanamido)-4-(3-((4-((S)-2-carboxy-2-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)ethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)heptanedioyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P285 (3.9 mg, 37%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.41 (m, 6H), 7.07 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 6H), 4.36-4.45 (m, 4H), 4.16-4.28 (m, 6H), 2.94-3.04 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.91 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.33 (m, 11H), 2.12 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.98-2.07 (m, 8H), 1.85-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.82 (m, 5H), 1.42-1.51 (m, 2H). MS: m/z=1464 (M+H⁺).

(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-2-(4-(4-(3-(((S)-5-carboxy-5-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)pentyl)carbamoyl)-5-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxamido)phenyl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P286

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 0.03 g scale. After HPLC purification, P286 (6.0 mg, 18%) was obtained as a white solid. MS: m/z=1042 (M+H⁺).

(3S,7S,25S,29S)-16-(3-(((S)-5-Carboxy-5-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)pentyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-16-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)-5,13,19,27-tetraoxo-4,6,12,20,26,28-hexaazahentriacontane-1,3,7,25,29,31-hexacarboxylic acid: P287

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6.4 mg scale of (3S,7S,25S,29S)-16-(4-azidobenzamido)-16-(3-(((S)-5-carboxy-5-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)pentyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-5,13,19,27-tetraoxo-4,6,12,20,26,28-hexaazahentriacontane-1,3,7,25,29,31-hexacarboxylic acid. After HPLC purification, P287 (4.2 mg, 62%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.01-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.93-7.99 (m, 2H), 4.59 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.33 (m, 6H), 3.11-3.23 (m, 6H), 2.86-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.44 (m, 6H), 2.08-2.35 (m, 18H), 1.77-1.94 (m, 6H), 1.57-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.56 (m, 12H). MS: m/z=1382 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((5-(4-(13-Amino-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P288

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P288 (8.0 mg, 45%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.66 (s, 1H), 8.45 (brs, 2H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.21-4.31 (M, 4H), 3.59-3.78 (m, 19H), 3.39-3.48 (m, 5H), 3.09-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.43 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.97 (m, 9H). MS: m/z=1109 (M+3Na⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-((6,6′-((5-Azidoisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(hexanoyl))-bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P289

General experimental procedures for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction were followed. After HPLC purification, P289 (10.0 mg, 35%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.96 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 4.30-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 4H), 2.28 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 4H), 2.19 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 4H), 2.02-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.67 (m, 8H), 1.28-1.41 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=692 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-((((((5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(pentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P290

General experimental procedure for click reaction was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6.0 mg scale of (2S,2′S)-2,2′-((((((5-azidoisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(pentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid. After HPLC purification, P290 (2.5 mg, 37%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.75 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.43-8.49 (m, 3H), 8.37 (t, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.40-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.15 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 2.92-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.44 (m, 4H), 2.04-2.21 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.68 (quin, J=7.3 Hz, 4H), 1.40-1.59 (m, 8H). MS: m/z=808 (M+WI).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((((4S)-4-(3-((4-((2S)-2-Carboxy-2-(3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido)ethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-4-(2-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)heptanedioyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P291

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 6 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P291 (2 mg, 38%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 6H), 7.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 6H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.50 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 4.38 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.24 (dd, J=8.4 and 4.4 Hz, 3H), 3.12-3.06 (dd, J=14.0 and 6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.96-2.93 (dd, J=14.0 and 6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.80 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.34 (m, 12H), 2.16-1.81 (m, 16H). MS: m/z=1422 (M+H⁺).

(2S)-2-(3-((1S)-1-Carboxy-2-(1-(7-(4-((S)-2-carboxy-2-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido)-ethyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-4-(4-(4-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-benzamido)7-oxoheptanoyl)-piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P292

General procedure for click chemistry was followed. Reaction was performed on a 3.3 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P292 (3.2 mg. 89%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.06-7.97 (m, 4H), 4.58 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.34-4.27 (m, 4H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.92 (br d, J=13 Hz, 2H), 3.36-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.92 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.62-2.38 (m, 9H), 2.19-2.03 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.51 (m, 16H), 1.22-0.85 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=1061 (M+H⁺).

(2R)-2-(3-((1S)-2-(1-(4-(4-Azidobenzamido)-7-(4-((R)-2-carboxy-2-(3-((S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido)ethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-7-oxoheptanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1-carboxyethyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid: P292 Precursor

General experimental procedure for amide coupling and deprotection of methyl ester group using 2M HCl at 40° C. for 4 h was followed. Reaction was performed on 120 mg scale. After HPLC purification, P292 Precursor (48 mg, 34%, in two steps) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.89-7.86 (m, 2H), 8.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (t, J=11.0 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.27 (m, 4H), 4.15-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.89 (br d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 3.03-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.34 (m, 10H), 2.18-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.47 (m, 16H), 1.40-1.91 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=975 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((2S,2′S)-2,2′-((4,4′-((5-Nitroisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(butanoyl))-bis(azanediyl))bis(3-carboxypropanoyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P293

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P293 (5.1 mg, 25%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.82 (s, 2H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 4.69-4.80 (m, 2H), 4.39-4.48 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.58 (m, 4H), 2.61-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.08-2.47 (m, 10H), 1.83-2.03 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=870 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-(((5-(4-(13-Amino-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-carboxyethane-2,1-diyl))-bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P294

General experimental procedure for click chemistry and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P294 (3.2 mg, 18%) was obtained. MS: m/z=870 (M+H⁺).

(9S,13R)-3,11-Dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxa-4,10,12-triazapentadecane-9,13,15-tricarboxylic acid: P295

General experimental procedure for urea formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P295 (15 mg, 56%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□7.35-7.46 (m, 5H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.51-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.38 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.95-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.86 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=454 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((3R,3′R)-3,3′-((6,6′-((5-nitroisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(hexanoyl))-bis(azanediyl))bis(3-carboxypropanoyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P296

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P296 (8.1 mg, 32%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.71 (s, 2H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 4.61-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.37 (m, 2H), 3.33 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 2.59-2.79 (m, 4H), 2.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 2.18 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 2.02-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.65 (m, 8H), 1.28-1.41 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=926 (M+H⁺).

(2R,2′R)-2,2′-(((((1S,1′S)-((5-(4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)isophthaloyl)-bis(azanediyl))bis(1-carboxypentane-5,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))-bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P297

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P297 (12 mg, 36°/%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.39 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 2H), 8.27 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (dt, J=47.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.16-4.25 (m, 4H), 3.35 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 2.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.17-2.33 (m, 4H), 1.96-2.12 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.35-1.48 (m, 4H). MS: m/z=896 (M+H⁺).

(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(((3R,3′R)-3,3′-((4,4′-((5-Nitroisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(butanoyl))-bis(azanediyl))bis(3-carboxypropanoyl))bis(azanediyl))dipentanedioic acid: P298

General experimental procedure for amide formation and tert-butyl deprotection reaction was followed. After HPLC purification, P298 (6.2 mg, 31%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ□8.73 (s, 2H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 4.61-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.39 (m, 2H), 3.37 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 2.61-2.81 (m, 4H), 2.23-2.34 (m, 8H), 2.01-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.92 (m, 6H). MS: m/z=926 (M+H⁺).

Enzymatic Assay for In Vitro Evaluation of PSMA Inhibitors

The inhibitory activity of all compounds was determined using a fluorescent assay of human PSMA activity. The enzyme used in the assay was purchased from R&D Systems and stored at −80° C. The PSMA activity was assayed in a two-step process. In the first step, aliquots of enzyme (0.2 μg/mL) were incubated for 1 h at 37° C. in 50 mM HEPES, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.5, in the presence of 20 μM NAAG and the given inhibitor, in a volume of 250 μL, to allow for the accumulation of glutamate produced in the PSMA reaction. In the second step, the amount of accumulated glutamate was measured using the OPA reaction, and the fluorescence was read with a SpectraMax fluorescent plate reader using excitation at 330 nm and emission at 450 nm. The final Ki values for each inhibitor were calculated from the respective IC50 values using the Cheng and Prusoff equation.

Preparation of Radio-F-18 Labeled P005, P053, P092, and P188.

1. Preparation of [F-18]Fluoride and Conversion to Anhydrous Form:

Aqueous [F-18]fluoride ion produced in the cyclotron target, is passed through an anion exchange resin cartridge. The [O-18]H₂O readily passes through the anion exchange resin while [F-18]fluoride is retained. The [F-18]fluoride is eluted from the column using a solution of potassium carbonate (3 mg) in water (0.4 mL) and is collected in a reaction vessel. Kryptofix® 222 (20 mg) dissolved in acetonitrile (1 mL) is added to the aqueous [F-18]fluoride in the reaction vessel. The Kryptofix sequesters the potassium ions preventing the formation of strong K+/F on-pairs. This increases the chemical reactivity of the [F-18]fluoride ions. The mixture is dried by heating between 68-95° C. under reduced pressure (250 mbar) and a stream of argon. This evaporation step removes the water and converts the [F-18] to an anhydrous complex, which is much more reactive than aqueous [F-18]fluoride.

2. Reaction of Anhydrous [F-18]Fluoride with Pentynyl Tosylate.

A solution of the tosylate precursor, (20 mg, 75 μmol) dissolved in THF or MeCN or DMF (0.5 mL) is added to the reaction vessel containing the anhydrous [F-18]Fluoride. The vessel is heated to approximately 110±5° C. for 3 minutes to induce displacement of the tosylate leaving group by [F-18]fluoride. The 18-F-fluoropentyne is distilled from the reaction vessel into the mixture containing the PSMA (azide) precursor.

3. Coupling of 18F-Fluoropentyne with PSMA Azide Precursor to Prepare [F-18]PSMA Tracer.

The 18F-pentyne is distilled at room temperature (bubbled) into a solution containing Azide-precursor (4 mg) dissolved in 250 μL of 0.1 M CuSO₄, sodium ascorbate (40 mg), and EtOH (0.1 mL). The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 15-30 minutes. Prior to purification by HPLC, the reaction is diluted with water (up to 5 mL).

4. HPLC Purification of [F-18]PSMA Tracer.

The reaction mixture containing crude [F-18]PSMA tracer is transferred to the HPLC sample loop (5 mL) and purified via chromatographic separation using a semi-preparative HPLC column (Phenomenex Gemini, C18, 5μ, 10×250 mm) using appropriate mobile phase with flow rate of 5 mL/min. The column effluent is monitored using UV (220, 254 or 280 nm) and radiometric detectors connected in series. The purified [F-18]PSMA tracer is collected from the column at the retention time window determined for the reference standard which coincides with the time that the radiometric detectors begin showing the main peak.

5. Formulation of Purified [F-18]PSMA Tracer.

The purified [F-18]PSMA tracer fraction is evaporated at 40° C. to dryness and final dose is reformulated in a maximum of 10% EtOH:water.

Synthesis Mobile SA Ci/ Tracer time in min phase used DCY umol P05 69 MeCN/5 mmol   24% 2.938 phosphate buffer P53 127 MeCN/30 mmol  5.5% 4.92 phosphate buffer P92 98 MeCN/30 mmol 18.6% 2.416 phosphate buffer P188 120 EtOH/5 mmol   17% 1.005 phosphate buffer

The LC trace of F18-PSMA is analyzed using Gemini NX 5u C18 110 A, 150×4.6 mm analytical column using the following program.

Small Animal In Vivo PET Imaging

MicroPET/CT.

Tumor-bearing mice (LNCaP, PSMA+, PC-3, PSMA-) were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane/98% oxygen and administered with ˜250 μCi/mouse of tracer in a total volume of 200 μl saline via bolus intravenous tail vein injection. An INVEON Multimodality scanner (SIEMENS) was used to perform the microPET/CT imaging. For dynamic scans, imaging was performed immediately following the tracer injection for two hours. Animals were kept warm and under anesthesia during this time period. For static scans, the animals first underwent a one hour conscious uptake, and was then anesthetized prior to and during imaging. Animals were scanned for 15-30 minutes and a static image was generated from each scan. All mice underwent a 10 minute micro-CT scan for anatomical registration. Uptake of the tracer was obtained by visually drawing regions of interest (ROIs) based on the fused PET/CT images and the corresponding activity values were determined using the INVEON Research Workplace software. All values are represented as % injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g). In order to take into account mouse-to-mouse variation of background tracer uptake, tumor uptake values was also normalized to uptake values in the skeletal muscle, represented as tumor-over-muscle (T/M) ratios.

While this invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments of the invention as set forth above are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. A variety of modifications to the embodiments described will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure provided herein. Thus, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventions as defined in the following claims. 

We claim:
 1. A method comprising: administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula I:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₂ is CH or N; X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by at least one of CONH or aryl; X₄ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, NH, CH₂, and

X₅ is selected from the group consisting of CONH, C(O), (CH₂)₁₋₂—C(O) and (CH₂)₁₋₂—CONH; X₆ is aryl or CH; X₇ is CH or N; X₈ is CH or N; X₁₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, where at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₅ is replaced by aryl, NH, CH₂, and

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂, —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂; and (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ where at least one CH₂ of (—CH₂—CH₂—O—)₁₋₅—NH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl or heteroaryl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH; and R₃ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and positron emitting isotope; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula II:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₂ is CH or N; X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ where at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by NH, X₁₀ is CH or N; X₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂), aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally replaced by NO₂, X₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of O, CONH and (CH₂)₁₋₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by NH; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyne, N₃, NO₂, —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl, NH or CONH and wherein at least one H of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₈ is optionally substituted with COOH or NO₂; R₈ is selected from the group consisting of H and —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH; R₆ is selected from the group consisting of H and —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₉ is optionally replaced by at least one of —O—, aryl, heteroaryl or CONH; and R₈ is selected from the group consisting of COOH, N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and positron emitting isotope; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula III:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH; R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by at least one of CONH, aryl or heteroaryl; and R₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula IV:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of: C(O) and heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the heteroaryl is substituted with NO₂; X₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, NH, CH₂, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl; X₁₆ is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a bond, aryl, heteroaryl, (CH₂)₁₋₂₅, wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₂ is optionally replaced with heteroaryl, aryl, CONH, and —O—; and R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of H, NO₂, N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula V:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₇ is selected from the group consisting of: N and CH; X₁₈ is selected from the group consisting of: (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by NH, aryl, heteroaryl and wherein at least one H is optionally substituted with NO₂; and R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of O and S; and R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula VI:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₉ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; X₂₀ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; X₂₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₃ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₃ is optionally replaced by heteroaryl, and R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula VII:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₂ is CH or N; X₂₂ is a protecting group; and X₂₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—NH₂ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by at least one selected from the group consisting of S, O, NH, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl; or administering to a patient, a compound comprising Formula VIII:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₂₄ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is optionally replaced by at least one selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S; X₂₅ is N or CH; X₂₆ is NH or CH₂; X₂₇ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by O, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; and R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; scanning the patient using positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography; and imaging a tissue in the patient.
 2. The method of claim 1, where the tissue includes a PSMA expressing tissue in mammals.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₁ and X₂ are N.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₁ is CH.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, R₂ is COOH or H.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₆ is CH.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, R₁ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₂₀—R₃ is replaced by at least one of aryl, heteroaryl or CONH.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein in Formula I, at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is replaced by C₆H₆.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in Formula I, at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₃ is replaced by a triazole.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₅ is CONH or (CH₂)₁₋₂—CONH.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein X₄ and X₁₃ are C₆H₆ or (CH₂)₁₋₅.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₅ is C(O), X₁₃ is C₆H₆ and X₄ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, wherein one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₅ is replaced by NH.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₅ is C(O), X₄ and X₁₃ are

and wherein X₈ is N.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₅ is C(O), X₁₃ is

wherein X₈ is N and X₄ is (CH₂)₃—NH.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₆.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein in Formula I, at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is replaced by CONH.
 17. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, X₃ is CH₂.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is replaced by aryl.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein in Formula I, one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is replaced by CONH.
 20. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, R₃ is the positron emitting isotope.
 21. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula I, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of:


22. The method of claim 1 that is:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof, wherein R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of radionuclide and halo.
 23. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, X₁ is N; X₂ is N, R₂ is COOH; and R₆ is H.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein in Formula II, R₄ is H, R₆ is H and R₅ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is replaced by heteroaryl and at least one CH₂ is replaced by CONH.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein in Formula II, the at least one heteroaryl of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is a triazole.
 26. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, R₅ is H, R₆ is H and R₄ is —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ where at least one CH₂ of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is replaced by heteroaryl.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein in Formula II, the at least one heteroaryl of —(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₈ is a triazole.
 28. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, X₁₂ is CONH.
 29. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, X₁₂ is O and X₁₁ is aryl.
 30. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, X₁₂ is NH and X₁₁ is heteroaryl.
 31. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, X₁₁ is CH₂.
 32. The method of claim 1, wherein in Formula II, X₉ is (CH₂)₁₋₅, wherein at least one CH₂ is replaced by NH and wherein X₁₁ is aryl or heteroaryl.
 33. The method of claim 27, wherein R₈ is the positron emitting isotope.
 34. The method of claim 1, further comprising: synthesizing a tracer compound of Formulas I-VIII comprising: reacting a compound of any of Formulas I-VIII, wherein in any of Formulas I-VIII, at least one H of R₁, R₃, R₄, R₈, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₅ and R₁₆ is replaced by either a first alkyne or a first azide with a second azide or second alkyne having a radioisotope or halo.
 35. A compound of Formula III:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein in Formula III: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₅ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by aryl; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of H, COOH or CH₂—COOH; R₁₁ is selected from the group consisting of alkyne, N₃, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₂ wherein at least one CH₂ is optionally replaced by at least one of CONH, aryl or heteroaryl; and R₁₂ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or a compound of Formula IV:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein in Formula IV: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of: C(O) and heteroaryl, wherein at least one H of the heteroaryl is substituted with NO₂; X₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of: a bond, NH, CH₂, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl; X₁₆ is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a bond, aryl, heteroaryl, (CH₂)₁₋₂₅, wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₂ is optionally replaced with heteroaryl, aryl, CONH, and —O—; and R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of H, NO₂, N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or a compound of Formula V:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein in Formula V: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₇ is selected from the group consisting of: N and CH; X₁₈ is selected from the group consisting of: (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by NH, aryl, heteroaryl and wherein at least one H is optionally substituted with NO₂; and R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of O and S; and R₁₅ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or a compound of Formula VI:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein in Formula VI: X₁ is CH or N; X₁₉ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; X₂₀ is selected from the group consisting of: H, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; X₂₁ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₃ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₃ is optionally replaced by heteroaryl, and R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope; or a compound of Formula VII:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein in Formula VII: X₁ is CH or N; X₂ is CH or N; X₂₂ is a protecting group; and X₂₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—NH₂ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by at least one selected from the group consisting of S, O, NH, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl; or a compound of Formula VIII:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein in Formula VIII: X₁ is CH or N; X₂₄ is selected from the group consisting of (CH₂)₁₋₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₆ is optionally replaced by at least one selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S; X₂₅ is N or CH; X₂₆ is NH or CH₂; X₂₇ is selected from the group consisting of H, NO₂, (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—R₁₆ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by O, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl; and R₁₆ is selected from the group consisting of N₃, alkyne, protecting group, halo and radioisotope.
 36. A method of forming a compound comprising: reacting a compound of Formula VII with

to form a first intermediate product; coupling the first intermediate product with another compound of Formula VII to form a second intermediate product; wherein the compound of Formula VII has the structure:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and isomers thereof, wherein: X₁ is CH or N; X₂ is CH or N; X₂₂ is a protecting group; and X₂₃ is (CH₂)₁₋₁₀—NH₂ wherein at least one CH₂ of (CH₂)₁₋₁₀ is optionally replaced by at least one selected from the group consisting of S, O, NH, CONH, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl; and removing the protecting groups. 